An Overview of CBM Resources in Lower Indus Basin, Sindh, Pakistan

Pakistan is energy deficient and underdeveloped country but it contains wide resources of low quality coal. The contemporaneous models for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in low-rank coals have changed dramatically in recent years due to the growth of commercial CBM activity in the Powder River Basin (PRB). The CBM models are still evolving because the CBM evaluation concepts are on steep learning curve based on proven and tested commercial activities. Coal is an unusual lithology in that it is both an excellent source and reservoir rock. CBM resource has also been found in commercial quantities in the Cambay Basin of India. The CBM resource of Cambay Basin and Powder River Basin (PRB) are similar in age and rank to most of Pakistan’s coal. The success in the above mentioned basins provoked geoscientists in Pakistan to re-look into Sindh`s CBM resource. Thar coal is considered as the largest reserves of low ranking coal in Pakistan. Preliminary geological investigation was carried out; results show that low ranked coal seams of class Lignite B to High Volatile B bituminous coal exists in Sindh. The rank specified above is better in quality from Powder River Coal Deposits, so it warrants further evaluation to firm up further exploration and subsequent exploitation. Interactive wireline correlations between several wells have been carried out explicitly. Results show that isolated coal seams of Bara Member (Paleocene) and Sonari Member of Laki Formation (Eocene) exists a few kilometers in sub-surface. The thickness of coal seams is thickest in Thar area with better prospect for gas adsorption capacity. The dedicated CBM studies also reveal that the bituminous coal exists in Badin, Sonda, Thatta and Jherruck areas. Depositional Model of Thar coal deposit has been prepared using plate reconstruction.