纯系亲本型花生品种乔治亚- 10t的自然和人工干旱诱导小株

Peanut Science Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI:10.3146/ps19-1.1
W. D. Branch, C. Kvien, A. Culbreath
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摘要

2011年,在佐治亚州的蒂夫顿和普莱恩斯,5月和6月出现了早期的干旱压力期。在“Georgia-10T”纯系速生型花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)品种中,少数耐旱植物在其他干燥和严重枯萎的植物中呈现绿色和肿胀。从这些抗旱单株(IPS)中收获荚果和种子,进行增产和试验。利用2014 ~ 2015年秋冬两季的温室干旱试验,对这些IPS品种与亲本对照品种进行了比较。在播种后60和90 d,将同一对照品种暴露于早季两周干旱胁迫期后,鉴定出绿色和肿胀的植株。自然发生和人工干旱诱导植物的IPS种子产生相似的正常植株和小植株。2017年进行了重复的初步产量试验,将这些IPS品种的后代行与对照品种Georgia-10T进行比较。田间试验数据表明,与大品种和亲本品种Georgia-10T相比,早季干旱胁迫下产生的小苗产量、等级、荚果大小和种子大小均显著降低。在2017年至2018年秋冬两季进行的温室研究中,这些小植株的节间长度和主茎高度明显低于用赤霉素酸(GA3)处理的相同小植株,后者在1个月和2个月后更高,节间长度更长。纯系亲本型花生品种乔治亚- 10t在季初人工和自然干旱胁迫下,由于缺乏GA3而导致植株矮小。普通植株和小植株在经过几代自我繁殖后,各自都繁殖出了真正的类型。这些发现的结果表明,早期灌溉的重要性,特别是对花生品种的种子生产,以避免干旱胁迫导致的低产,小植株的后续发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Naturally and Artificially Drought-Induced Small-Plants within the Pure-Line Runner-Type Peanut Cultivar ‘Georgia-10T’
During 2011 at Tifton and Plains, GA, there was an early-season drought stress period during May and June. A few drought-tolerant plants were identified and tagged which appeared green and turgid amongst otherwise dry and severely-wilted plants within the pure-line, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar, ‘Georgia-10T'. Pod and seeds were harvested from these drought-tolerant individual plant selections (IPS) for increase and testing. During autumn and winter of 2014 to 2015, a greenhouse drought study was utilized to test these IPS's compared to the parental check cultivar. Green and turgid plants were identified within the same check cultivar after exposing the plants to an early-season two-wk drought stress period at 60 and 90 d after planting. Seed from IPS of naturally occurring and artificially drought-induced plants produced similar normal and small-plants. Replicated preliminary yield tests were conducted during 2017 to compare progeny rows from these IPS's to the check cultivar, Georgia-10T. Field trial data indicated that the smaller-plants produced from early-season drought stress had significantly reduced yield, grade, pod size, and seed size as compared to larger plant selections and Georgia-10T parental cultivar. In a greenhouse study conducted during autumn and winter of 2017 to 2018, these small plants had significantly shorter internode length and mainstem height compared to the same small plants treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) which were taller and had longer internode lengths after one and two months. Small plants resulted from artificially and naturally occurring early-season drought-induced stress within the pure-line runner-type peanut cultivar, Georgia-10T, were caused by lack of GA3. The normal and small-plants each have bred true-to-type following several self-generations. The ramification of these findings suggest the importance of early-season irrigation, especially for seed production of peanut cultivars to avoid subsequent development of low-yielding, small-plants induced by drought-stress.
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