Kunapajala: A Traditional Organic Formulation for Improving Agricultural Productivity: A Review

Considering the major setback in agricultural productivity received due to unscientific and excessive practice of intensive farming with injudicious use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides etc.) as well as environmental hazards, there is a need for at least a partial paradigm shift towards eco-friendly organic approach. Practicing organic agriculture with various organic inputs like Kunapajala can provide soil health management as well as plant protection against pest and diseases, which finally reflects an increase in agricultural productivity. Although this traditional ITK formulation have been modified over the years according to the raw material availability across the location, it is rich in beneficial micro-organisms, growth promoting hormones, enzymes, vitamins, bio-pesticidal compounds which play key roles in crop growth and development when this organic liquid is applied alone or in combination with other organic/inorganic nutrient sources. However, research works on Kunapajala to standardize the dose, time and method of application, quantity of raw materials used for preparation, nutritional properties and response of crop to its application are very limited which further urges for scientific testing through multi-locational, multi-crop research trial and laboratory analysis of the quality of this liquid organic formulation. Afterwards, it requires transfusion to farming community through strong extension works to achieve sustainability in agricultural production.