{"title":"2球上Morse函数的Kronrod-Reeb图的自同构","authors":"A. Kravchenko, S. Maksymenko","doi":"10.15673/tmgc.v11i4.1306","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Let $M$ be a compact two-dimensional manifold and, $f \\in C^{\\infty}(M, R)$ be a Morse function, and $\\Gamma$ be its Kronrod-Reeb graph.Denote by $O(f)={f o h | h \\in D(M)}$ the orbit of $f$ with respect to the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms $D(M)$ onC^{\\infty}$, and by $S(f)={h\\in D(M) | f o h = f }$ the coresponding stabilizer of this function.It is easy to show that each $h\\in S(f)$ induces an automorphism of the graph $\\Gamma$.Let $D_{id}(M)$ be the identity path component of $D(M)$, $S'(f) = S(f) \\cap D_{id}(M)$ be the subgroup of $D_{id}(M)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms preserving $f$ and isotopic to identity map, and $G$ be the group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph induced by diffeomorphisms belonging to $S'(f)$. This group is one of key ingredients for calculating the homotopy type of the orbit $O(f)$. \nIn the previous article the authors described the structure of groups $G$ for Morse functions on all orientable surfacesdistinct from $2$-torus and $2$-sphere. \nThe present paper is devoted to the case $M = S^2$. In this situation $\\Gamma$ is always a tree, and therefore all elements of the group $G$ have a common fixed subtree $Fix(G)$, which may even consist of a unique vertex. Our main result calculates the groups $G$ for all Morse functions $f: S^2 \\to R$ whose fixed subtree $Fix(G)$ consists of more than one point.","PeriodicalId":36547,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the International Geometry Center","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Automorphisms of Kronrod-Reeb graphs of Morse functions on 2-sphere\",\"authors\":\"A. Kravchenko, S. Maksymenko\",\"doi\":\"10.15673/tmgc.v11i4.1306\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Let $M$ be a compact two-dimensional manifold and, $f \\\\in C^{\\\\infty}(M, R)$ be a Morse function, and $\\\\Gamma$ be its Kronrod-Reeb graph.Denote by $O(f)={f o h | h \\\\in D(M)}$ the orbit of $f$ with respect to the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms $D(M)$ onC^{\\\\infty}$, and by $S(f)={h\\\\in D(M) | f o h = f }$ the coresponding stabilizer of this function.It is easy to show that each $h\\\\in S(f)$ induces an automorphism of the graph $\\\\Gamma$.Let $D_{id}(M)$ be the identity path component of $D(M)$, $S'(f) = S(f) \\\\cap D_{id}(M)$ be the subgroup of $D_{id}(M)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms preserving $f$ and isotopic to identity map, and $G$ be the group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph induced by diffeomorphisms belonging to $S'(f)$. This group is one of key ingredients for calculating the homotopy type of the orbit $O(f)$. \\nIn the previous article the authors described the structure of groups $G$ for Morse functions on all orientable surfacesdistinct from $2$-torus and $2$-sphere. \\nThe present paper is devoted to the case $M = S^2$. In this situation $\\\\Gamma$ is always a tree, and therefore all elements of the group $G$ have a common fixed subtree $Fix(G)$, which may even consist of a unique vertex. Our main result calculates the groups $G$ for all Morse functions $f: S^2 \\\\to R$ whose fixed subtree $Fix(G)$ consists of more than one point.\",\"PeriodicalId\":36547,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings of the International Geometry Center\",\"volume\":\"46 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-03-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"3\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings of the International Geometry Center\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.15673/tmgc.v11i4.1306\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Mathematics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the International Geometry Center","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15673/tmgc.v11i4.1306","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Mathematics","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
摘要
设$M$是紧二维流形,$f \in C^{\infty}(M, R)$是莫尔斯函数,$\Gamma$是它的Kronrod-Reeb图。用$O(f)={f O h | h\in D(M)}$表示$f$相对于微分同态群的自然右作用$D(M)$ onC^{\ inty}$,用$S(f)={h\in D(M) | f O h = f}$表示该函数的相应稳定器。很容易证明S(f)$中的每个$h $引出图$\Gamma$的自同构。设$D_{id}(M)$是$D(M)$的恒等路径分量,$S'(f) = S(f) \cap $D_{id}(M)$是$D_{id}(M)$的子群,由保留$f$和恒等映射的微分同态组成,$G$是由属于$S'(f)$的微分同态诱导的Kronrod-Reeb图的自同构群。这个群是计算轨道O(f)的同伦类型的关键因素之一。在前一篇文章中,作者描述了摩尔斯函数在不同于2$环面和2$球面的所有可定向曲面上的群$G$的结构。本文研究了$M = S^2$的情况。在这种情况下$\Gamma$总是一个树,因此群$G$的所有元素都有一个公共的固定子树$Fix(G)$,它甚至可以由一个唯一的顶点组成。我们的主要结果计算了所有莫尔斯函数$f: S^2 \到R$的群$G$,其固定子树$Fix(G)$由多于一个点组成。
Automorphisms of Kronrod-Reeb graphs of Morse functions on 2-sphere
Let $M$ be a compact two-dimensional manifold and, $f \in C^{\infty}(M, R)$ be a Morse function, and $\Gamma$ be its Kronrod-Reeb graph.Denote by $O(f)={f o h | h \in D(M)}$ the orbit of $f$ with respect to the natural right action of the group of diffeomorphisms $D(M)$ onC^{\infty}$, and by $S(f)={h\in D(M) | f o h = f }$ the coresponding stabilizer of this function.It is easy to show that each $h\in S(f)$ induces an automorphism of the graph $\Gamma$.Let $D_{id}(M)$ be the identity path component of $D(M)$, $S'(f) = S(f) \cap D_{id}(M)$ be the subgroup of $D_{id}(M)$ consisting of diffeomorphisms preserving $f$ and isotopic to identity map, and $G$ be the group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph induced by diffeomorphisms belonging to $S'(f)$. This group is one of key ingredients for calculating the homotopy type of the orbit $O(f)$.
In the previous article the authors described the structure of groups $G$ for Morse functions on all orientable surfacesdistinct from $2$-torus and $2$-sphere.
The present paper is devoted to the case $M = S^2$. In this situation $\Gamma$ is always a tree, and therefore all elements of the group $G$ have a common fixed subtree $Fix(G)$, which may even consist of a unique vertex. Our main result calculates the groups $G$ for all Morse functions $f: S^2 \to R$ whose fixed subtree $Fix(G)$ consists of more than one point.