兹米耶夫电厂灰渣组成对土壤圈的技术影响

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOLOGY
O. Kraynyuk, Y. Buts, R. Ponomarenko, V. Barbachyn, P. Lotsman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。本研究的目的是分析Zmiiv热电厂(TPP)的灰渣废物的地球化学组成,并确定重金属(HM)从灰渣废物贮存地向生态系统的迁移特征。为实现这一目标,解决了以下任务:Zmiiv TPP的灰渣废物地球化学分析;研究了灰渣废物贮存地HM向土壤迁移的可靠性。在S-115型分光光度计上采用原子吸收分析法(AAA)研究了粉煤灰、矿渣和土壤中重金属的含量。采用x射线衍射法测定了灰和渣的固体无机部分。Zmiiv TPP灰渣中Cu、Cr、As、Cd、Ni、Pb的含量均超过最大允许浓度(MPC)数倍。灰渣废弃物的总污染指数为Zc = 43,属于较高水平。也就是说,这种人为创造的视界是危险的。由于大气降水的渗透、输水管道的排放、通过Zmiiv TPP排灰场底部的水过滤,HM迁移到地下水和排灰场附近的土壤中。为了确定灰堆附近的土壤污染,在距离0…100米。在距离排土场100米远的地方,土壤中Ni、Cu、As、Cr的MPC含量超标。在距离排土场100米远的地方,土壤中Ni、Cu、As、Cr的MPC含量超标。Cr、As、Cu、Cd、Ni的浓度因子超过1。铅和锌的含量只有在100米以上的距离才达到背景值。总土壤污染指标的计算使我们能够将这些土壤划分为中度危险和允许的土壤。然而,Zc指标有几个明显的缺点。首先,它没有考虑到化学元素潜在危害的差异,最重要的是,多金属污染的协同效应。重金属的协同效应系数为26.64(在排灰场土壤中),随后降低,但即使在100米的距离上,其协同效应系数为11.23,即在0…距排土场100 m处,协同效应系数小于1的条件。结果表明,Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr在排土场附近的土壤中流动性较低,因此在排土场附近的生态系统中富集,这与土壤pH值为中性和微碱性(pH = 8.0…8.5)。矿物相与玻璃的比例不稳定;但是,应该注意的是,在灰和渣中硅酸盐铝、硅酸盐钙和玻璃占主导地位。Сompounds与HM主要局限于无定形粘土集合体和灰的烟炭形成,渣玻璃较少,石英砂颗粒更少。由于灰中含有容易被风携带的组分,因此可以假设HM也是通过空气进入生态系统的,这也造成了空气污染。解决灰渣废物处理问题的方法应该在建筑材料的生产、道路建设中找到,但有必要根据使用条件研究灰渣的组成和HM迁移的概率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Technogenic Influence of the Composition of Ash Waste of the Zmiiv Power Plant on the Pedosphere
Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the geochemical composition of ash and slag waste at the Zmiiv Thermal Power Plant (TPP) and to identify the features of migration of heavy metals (HM) from the place of storage of ash and slag waste into the ecosystem. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: geochemical analysis of ash and slag waste at Zmiiv TPP; study of the reliability of HM migration into the soil in the places of ash and slag waste storage. Methods. The content of heavy metals in ash, slag and soil were investigated using atomic absorption analysis (AAA) on a spectrophotometer S-115. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the solid inorganic part of ash and slag. Results. Ash and slag of Zmiiv TPP contain Cu, Cr, As, Cd, Ni, Pb in quantities that are several times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). For ash and slag waste, the total pollution index is Zc = 43, which corresponds to a high level. That is, this artificially created horizon is dangerous. HM migrate into groundwater and into the soil near the ash dump due to the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, emissions from water pipelines, filtration of water through the base of the ash dump of the Zmiiv TPP. To determine soil contamination near the ash dump, soil analyzes were performed at a distance of 0 ... 100 meters. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, there is an excess of MPC in the soil for the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr. At a distance of up to 100 meters from the dump, an excess of the MPC in the content of Ni, Cu, As, Cr is observed. Concentration factor exceeds unity for Cr, As, Cu, Cd, Ni. The content of Pb and Zn reaches background values only at a distance of more than 100 meters. The calculation of the total soil pollution indicator allows us to classify these soils as moderately hazardous and permissible. However, there are several significant disadvantages of the Zc indicator. First of all, it does not take into account the differences in the potential hazard of chemical elements, and, most importantly, the synergistic effects of polymetallic pollution. The coefficient of the synergistic effect of heavy metals is 26.64 (in the soil of the ash dump), then it decreases, but even at a distance of 100 meters it is 11.23, that is, at a distance of 0 ... 100 m from the ash dumps, the condition of the coefficient of synergistic effect is less than one. It has been established that Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr are characterized by low mobility in the soil near the ash dump, therefore they accumulate in the ecosystem near the ash dump, which is explained by the neutral and slightly alkaline soil pH values (pH = 8.0 ... 8.5). The ratio of mineral phases to glass is unstable; however, it should be noted that aluminosilicates, calcium silicates and glass predominate in ash and slag. Сompounds with HM are confined mainly to amorphous clay aggregates and sooty-carbon formations of ash, to a lesser extent to slag glass and even less to grains of quartz sand. Conclusions. Since the ash contains such fractions that can be easily carried by wind, it should be assumed that the HM entry into the ecosystem is also by air, which also contributes to air pollution. The solution to the problem of ash and slag waste disposal should be found in the production of building materials, in road construction, but it is necessary to study the composition of ash and slag and the probability of HM migration depending on the conditions of use.
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