用apate隐藏恶意软件的调试器

Hao Shi, J. Mirkovic
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引用次数: 24

摘要

恶意软件分析使用调试器来理解和操纵剥离二进制文件的行为。为了规避分析,恶意软件应用各种反调试技术,如自我修改、检查或删除断点、劫持键盘和鼠标事件、转义调试器等。大多数最先进的调试器都容易受到这些反调试技术的攻击。在本文中,我们首先系统地分析了可能的反调试技术的频谱,并编制了79个攻击向量的列表。然后,我们提出了一个名为Apate的框架,它通过执行:(1)基于单步的实时反汇编,(2)仔细监视被调试程序的执行,并在需要时修改被调试程序的状态以隐藏调试器的存在,来检测并击败这些攻击向量。我们将Apate作为WinDbg的扩展来实现,并使用五种不同的数据集,以及已知的和新的恶意软件样本对其进行了广泛的评估。Apate比其他隐藏调试器的技术性能要好得多,可以处理58+- 465+的攻击向量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hiding debuggers from malware with apate
Malware analysis uses debuggers to understand and manipulate the behaviors of stripped binaries. To circumvent analysis, malware applies a variety of anti-debugging techniques, such as self-modifying, checking for or removing breakpoints, hijacking keyboard and mouse events, escaping the debugger, etc. Most state-of-the-art debuggers are vulnerable to these anti-debugging techniques. In this paper, we first systematically analyze the spectrum of possible anti-debugging techniques and compile a list of 79 attack vectors. We then propose a framework, called Apate, which detects and defeats each of these attack vectors, by performing: (1) just-in-time disassembling based on single-stepping, (2) careful monitoring of the debuggee's execution and, when needed, modification of the debuggee's states to hide the debugger's presence. We implement Apate as an extension to WinDbg and extensively evaluate it using five different datasets, with known and new malware samples. Apate outperforms other debugger-hiding technologies by a wide margin, addressing 58+--465+ more attack vectors.
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