Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionism. By Timothy P. Jackson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 288. $74.00 (cloth); $72.99 (digital). ISBN: 9780197538050.

The sheer magnitude of the vision presented by Timothy Jackson in Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionismmakes any review immeasurably challenging. Jackson, a professor of ethics at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University, focuses on the long history of anti-Semitism that culminated in the Nazi Holocaust in the context of a multiplicity of literature from the Bible through Shakespeare and contemporary Holocaust scholarship. Jackson critiques the understanding of the Holocaust by several prominent scholars such as Hannah Arendt and Daniel Goldhagen while his introduction of a wide array of views on human self-understanding results in a richness for further reflection not found in most writings on anti-Semitism and Nazi ideology. The frequent brevity of the citationsmakes for a somewhat unhinged presentation at times. The one more extended discussion of a resource comes in the concluding section where we find an in-depth reflection on the witness of Anne Frank and her diary. Yet even the brief quotes are suggestive of additional thought that could easily produce material for a second volume. A central thesis links together the many disparate insights that Jackson offers. Simply put, for Jackson, Jews have undergone continued persecution over the centuries because of the ideals for human behavior central to their self-understanding as a people. These ideals have stood in sharp contrast to the power-lust combination that has categorized so-called worldly wisdom. Ultimately anti-Semitism can be overcome only through amindset that has a positive Semitism at its core. This Semitismmust be willing to embrace the Jewish call to a higher standard ofmorality that calls humanity to lives of goodness, truth, and beauty for no reason other than their intrinsic preciousness. As Jackson sees it, this Jewish tradition of high moral commitment stands as the ultimate cause of the Nazi desire to remove Jews from the face of the earth. He does not totally deny the presence of some other causal factors for the rise of Nazism such as a social vision of power embedded in pre-Christian German tribal identity. But the moral standards promoted by the Jewish tradition must be seen as fundamentally central in any sound analysis of the Holocaust. This is something that is largely missing in the writings of most Holocaust scholars such as Arendt and Goldhagen, to name but two. Jackson sees this interpretation of the root cause of the Holocaust as also a guide for any theological and