延髓吻侧腹侧血清素能神经元的化学敏感性

George B Richerson , Wengang Wang , Jyoti Tiwari , Stefania Risso Bradley
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引用次数: 168

摘要

髓质神经细胞包含两种化学敏感神经元亚型:一种受酸中毒刺激,另一种受抑制。这两种类型的神经元都被认为是化学感受器,被认为以相反的方式调节呼吸输出和其他pH敏感的大脑功能。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论这些化学敏感的raph神经细胞的细胞特性,在体外研究时使用脑切片和原代分离细胞培养。神经元的化学敏感性定量表明,它们对细胞外pH值(pHo)在7.2和7.6之间的微小变化高度敏感。酸中毒的刺激只发生在神经细胞中血清素能神经元的特定表型亚群中。这些血清素能神经元还具有其他特性,与化学接受的特殊作用相一致。同源的血清素能神经元存在于腹外侧髓质(VLM)内,可能有助于呼吸化学接受定位到该区域。大鼠出生后神经细胞的化学敏感性增加,与体内呼吸化学接受的发展平行。在婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS)的受害者中发现了一种5 -羟色胺能神经元的异常。5 -羟色胺能神经元的细胞特性表明它们在中枢神经系统对高碳酸血症的反应中发挥作用,并且它们可能有助于睡眠/觉醒周期和呼吸控制之间的相互作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chemosensitivity of serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventral medulla

The medullary raphé contains two subtypes of chemosensitive neuron: one that is stimulated by acidosis and another that is inhibited. Both types of neuron are putative chemoreceptors, proposed to act in opposite ways to modulate respiratory output and other pH sensitive brain functions. In this review, we will discuss the cellular properties of these chemosensitive raphé neurons when studied in vitro using brain slices and primary dissociated cell culture. Quantification of chemosensitivity of raphé neurons indicates that they are highly sensitive to small changes in extracellular pH (pHo) between 7.2 and 7.6. Stimulation by acidosis occurs only in the specific phenotypic subset of neurons within the raphé that are serotonergic. These serotonergic neurons also have other properties consistent with a specialized role in chemoreception. Homologous serotonergic neurons are present within the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), and may have contributed to localization of respiratory chemoreception to that region. Chemosensitivity of raphé neurons increases in the postnatal period in rats, in parallel with development of respiratory chemoreception in vivo. An abnormality of serotonergic neurons of the ventral medulla has been identified in victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The cellular properties of serotonergic raphé neurons suggest that they play a role in the CNS response to hypercapnia, and that they may contribute to interactions between the sleep/wake cycle and respiratory control.

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