Geometric correction for satellite image of Mosul city using 3D methods

The important preprocessing techniques for remote sensing data and geometrical alteration is the geometric correction. In this paper ,it covers two models which are used in to three dimensions the physical model and the projective Transformation for SPOT 2 to determine the geometric correction of study region of Mosul city. The ground control points are located on SPOT 2 satellite image. These models are producing the X residual, Y residual and root mean square error (RMSE) and then comparing the effects of two models. The X residual for SPOT 2 physical model is lower than X residual for projective transformation at 0.1420, while the Y residual for physical model has higher comparing with Y residual for projective transformation at 0.1143and Total RMSE for SPOT 2 physical model is lower than Total RMSE for projective Transformation at 0.1823. The physical model is superior to Projective model, so that, it is highly recommended to be used for very precise application and not to be replaced by these non-physical models. For the physical model, it is clearly that, the altitude of the Ground Control Points (or Check Points) does not effect on its individual RMSE, when using Projective model the RMSE for high altitude was high ,where at low altitude it was low too(extreme relationship).