卢克莱修的剃刀对伊壁鸠鲁原子理论的影响

A. Corrado
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摘要

本文探讨了为什么卢克莱修没有在他的诗中专门描述原子大小或提供一个技术术语来描述这个概念。这种缺失尤其重要,因为伊壁鸠鲁给希罗多德的信中,既使用了“μ γεθος”一词来表示原子的大小,又包含了一段专门报道原子大小的文章。首先,本文认为原子的大小和形状在伊壁鸠鲁的本体论中是因果冗余的。其次,它证明了形状和大小的起源都是在伊壁鸠鲁物理学中最小的数量级中发现的。根据这些发现,它得出结论,由于原子大小违反了简约法则,它在伊壁鸠鲁体系中是一个多余的实体。在分析了《论自然》中的段落后,它表明卢克莱修的原子尺寸的缺失可能是故意的。卢克莱修的微观物理学在没有引入原子大小的哲学概念的情况下完美地工作,比伊壁鸠鲁的更经济、更有效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
LUCRETIUS’ RAZOR ON EPICURUS’ ATOMIC THEORY
This article investigates why Lucretius does not dedicate any section of his poem to atomic size or provide a technical term to describe the concept. This absence is particularly significant because Epicurus’ Letter to Herodotus both uses the term μέγεθος to indicate atomic size and contains a passage reporting specifically on this property. First, the article argues that atomic size and shape are causally redundant in Epicurus’ ontology. Second, it demonstrates that the origin of both shape and size is found in the smallest magnitudes in Epicurean physics, the minima. Drawing on these findings, it concludes that, since atomic size violates the law of parsimony, it is a superfluous entity in the Epicurean system. After analysing passages from the De rerum natura, it suggests that the absence of atomic size in Lucretius may be deliberate. Lucretius’ microphysics works perfectly without introducing a philosophical notion of atomic size, and is more economical and efficient than that of Epicurus.
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