Roselle flower petals extract inhibits periodontal pathogenic biofilms

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of roselle flower petals extract on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms in vitro. Material and Methods: Crystal violet biofilm assays were carried out to evaluate the effect of roselle flower petals extract on F. nucleatum ATCC25586 and P. gingivalis ATCC3327 biofilms. Each bacterium was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth for 48 h at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. Subsequently, 200 μL (107 CFU/mL) of bacterial suspension was distributed in a 96well plate for 48 h to form both monoand dualspecies biofilms. Different concentrations of the roselle flower extract and 0.2% chlorhexidinegluconate (positive control) were added to the biofilms in the wells and incubated for 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h. Results: There was a significant biofilm reduction after treatment with roselle flower petals extract at all concentrations and incubation times compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The most effective concentrations for inhibiting the monospecies biofilms of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis and the dual species biofilm were 100%, leading to a 99.8%, 100%, and 90.6% reduction of the biofilm compared to the control, respectively. Conclusion: Roselle flower petals extract is effective at inhibiting F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis biofilms. This antibiofilm agent may be developed as an alternative therapy to prevent periodontal disease. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of action of the