A comparative study of using Poly (D, L, lactide-co-Glycolic Acid) and Chitosan nanoparticle as vaccine delivery system for a recombinant fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus

The more effective method of preventing many infectious diseases is vaccination. Numerous infectious diseases that affect both humans and animals have significantly decreased as a result of routine immunization The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of in-house built chitosan and Polylactide co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles coupled with Pichia pastoris expressed immunogenic fusion (F) protein of Newcastle disease (ND). Synthesis of biodegradable nanoparticles such as PLGA and chitosan offers a promising opportunity as a vaccine delivery system. Chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation, and double emulsion solvent evaporation, respectively, and the size was 38.6± 0.84 nm and 320 ±1.5nm, respectively. They demonstrated good epitope integrity of recombinant fusion protein and in-vitro release kinetics studies have proved consistent release profile of protein In vivo pathogenicity assay of separately injected nanoparticles has proved no abnormal signs and mortality in chickens. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were vaccinated with chitosan and PLGA nanoparticles and a recombinant fusion protein of the ND virus. It was demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles coupled with a fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus conferred a marginally better immune response than chitosan nanoparticles. Comparative study-based results showed that PLGA-based nanoparticles proved a better vaccine delivery vehicle and generated an effective immune response without needing further adjuvants. The present study is a scientific platform for developing the PLGA-based vaccine delivery vehicle to improve immune responses against many infectious diseases.