X. Cabodevilla, J. Pérez‐Tris, Lara Moreno-Zarate, A. Pérez‐Rodríguez, J. Lima-Barbero, María-Cruz Camacho, D. Villanúa, Rubén Ibáñez, Andrea Gerboles, B. Arroyo
{"title":"不同鸟类翅膀形状的年龄相关差异:尺寸约束主成分分析(SCCA)中指向指数(C2轴)解释的意义","authors":"X. Cabodevilla, J. Pérez‐Tris, Lara Moreno-Zarate, A. Pérez‐Rodríguez, J. Lima-Barbero, María-Cruz Camacho, D. Villanúa, Rubén Ibáñez, Andrea Gerboles, B. Arroyo","doi":"10.13157/arla.67.2.2020.ra7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Summary. There is a strong relationship between bird wing morphology and flight style. Wing shapes are related to manoeuvrability, flight speed, energetic costs during flight and take-off speed. Wing shape differences among species have been frequently studied but differences can also be found within species, between sexes and age groups. Many studies have assessed differences in wing shape between juveniles and adults in different passerine species but little is known about such differences in other bird orders. Performing a Size Constrained Components Analysis (SCCA) and a graphical approximation, we analysed the wing shape of juveniles and adults of eight species, including four passerines and four non-passerines of three different orders. According to a graphical approximation, we observed that wing shape differences between age groups differ among species. In the non-passerine species considered, juveniles have more pointed and concave wings than adults. In contrast, in the four passerine species, juveniles have more rounded wings than adults. However, the results for the C2 axis of SCCA (index of pointedness) do not completely agree with the graphical approximation. Our results showed that the C2 axis does not represent the same vector of wing shape variation in all species. The contribution of changes in C2 to variation in wing pointedness seemed to depend on the position of the wing tip, which is a good index of pointedness only when the wing tip is in the two most distal primary feathers. Surprisingly, the adults of some species do not have longer wings than the corresponding juveniles, because the feathers that define the wing tip do not grow longer during the first complete moult. We discuss the role of the first complete moult in changing the shape of juvenile wings into adult wings, and the implications of our results for the analysis of bird wing shape.—Cabodevilla, X., Pérez-Tris, J., Moreno-Zarate, L., Pérez-Rodríguez, A., Lima-Barbero, J.F., Cruz Camacho, M., Villanua, D., Ibáñez, R., Gerboles, A. & Arroyo, B. (2020). Age-related variation in wing shape differs between bird orders: implications for interpretation of the pointedness index (C2 axis) in a size-constrained principal component analysis (SCCA). 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Wing shape differences among species have been frequently studied but differences can also be found within species, between sexes and age groups. Many studies have assessed differences in wing shape between juveniles and adults in different passerine species but little is known about such differences in other bird orders. Performing a Size Constrained Components Analysis (SCCA) and a graphical approximation, we analysed the wing shape of juveniles and adults of eight species, including four passerines and four non-passerines of three different orders. According to a graphical approximation, we observed that wing shape differences between age groups differ among species. In the non-passerine species considered, juveniles have more pointed and concave wings than adults. In contrast, in the four passerine species, juveniles have more rounded wings than adults. However, the results for the C2 axis of SCCA (index of pointedness) do not completely agree with the graphical approximation. Our results showed that the C2 axis does not represent the same vector of wing shape variation in all species. The contribution of changes in C2 to variation in wing pointedness seemed to depend on the position of the wing tip, which is a good index of pointedness only when the wing tip is in the two most distal primary feathers. Surprisingly, the adults of some species do not have longer wings than the corresponding juveniles, because the feathers that define the wing tip do not grow longer during the first complete moult. We discuss the role of the first complete moult in changing the shape of juvenile wings into adult wings, and the implications of our results for the analysis of bird wing shape.—Cabodevilla, X., Pérez-Tris, J., Moreno-Zarate, L., Pérez-Rodríguez, A., Lima-Barbero, J.F., Cruz Camacho, M., Villanua, D., Ibáñez, R., Gerboles, A. & Arroyo, B. (2020). 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Age-Related Variation in Wing Shape Differs between Bird Orders: Implications for Interpretation of the Pointedness Index (C2 Axis) in a Size-Constrained Principal Component Analysis (SCCA)
Summary. There is a strong relationship between bird wing morphology and flight style. Wing shapes are related to manoeuvrability, flight speed, energetic costs during flight and take-off speed. Wing shape differences among species have been frequently studied but differences can also be found within species, between sexes and age groups. Many studies have assessed differences in wing shape between juveniles and adults in different passerine species but little is known about such differences in other bird orders. Performing a Size Constrained Components Analysis (SCCA) and a graphical approximation, we analysed the wing shape of juveniles and adults of eight species, including four passerines and four non-passerines of three different orders. According to a graphical approximation, we observed that wing shape differences between age groups differ among species. In the non-passerine species considered, juveniles have more pointed and concave wings than adults. In contrast, in the four passerine species, juveniles have more rounded wings than adults. However, the results for the C2 axis of SCCA (index of pointedness) do not completely agree with the graphical approximation. Our results showed that the C2 axis does not represent the same vector of wing shape variation in all species. The contribution of changes in C2 to variation in wing pointedness seemed to depend on the position of the wing tip, which is a good index of pointedness only when the wing tip is in the two most distal primary feathers. Surprisingly, the adults of some species do not have longer wings than the corresponding juveniles, because the feathers that define the wing tip do not grow longer during the first complete moult. We discuss the role of the first complete moult in changing the shape of juvenile wings into adult wings, and the implications of our results for the analysis of bird wing shape.—Cabodevilla, X., Pérez-Tris, J., Moreno-Zarate, L., Pérez-Rodríguez, A., Lima-Barbero, J.F., Cruz Camacho, M., Villanua, D., Ibáñez, R., Gerboles, A. & Arroyo, B. (2020). Age-related variation in wing shape differs between bird orders: implications for interpretation of the pointedness index (C2 axis) in a size-constrained principal component analysis (SCCA). Ardeola, 67: 341-354.
期刊介绍:
Ardeola: International Journal of Ornithology is the scientific journal of SEO/BirdLife, the Spanish Ornithological Society. The journal had a regional focus when it was first published, in 1954. Since then, and particular during the past two decades, the journal has expanded its thematic and geographical scope. It is now a fully international forum for research on all aspects of ornithology. We thus welcome studies within the fields of basic biology, ecology, behaviour, conservation and biogeography, especially those arising from hypothesis-based research. Although we have a long publication history of Mediterranean and Neotropical studies, we accept papers on investigations worldwide.
Each volume of Ardeola has two parts, published annually in January and July. The main body of each issue comprises full-length original articles (Papersand Review articles) and shorter notes on methodology or stimulating findings (Short Communications). The publication language is English, with summaries, figure legends and table captions also in Spanish. Ardeolaalso publishes critical Book Reviewsand PhD-Dissertation Summaries; summarising ornithological theses defended in Spain. Finally there are two Spanish-language sections, Ornithological News; summarising significant recent observations of birds in Spain, and Observations of Rare Birds in Spain, the annual reports of the Spanish Rarities Committee.