65岁以上人群的工作条件和死亡风险:来自德国的研究结果

IF 2.7 2区 经济学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
M. Brussig, Susanne Drescher
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引用次数: 1

摘要

尽管全球预期寿命普遍呈增加趋势,但社会经济差异和死亡风险不平等现象依然存在。本研究的重点是65岁以后的死亡风险的差异,由于一个人的工作生涯中的工作条件。这项研究基于德国社会经济研究小组(GSOEP)的数据,这是德国的一项代表性纵向调查。使用职业作为联动变量,我们匹配了包含德国工作条件调查中典型职业工作条件信息的工作暴露矩阵。我们估计事件分析模型,以确定典型的工作条件对退休后死亡风险的影响,同时控制许多个体特征。在艰苦条件下工作的人在晚年的死亡风险更高。这种影响在女性身上比在男性身上更为明显。其他因素,特别是男性、自我评估的健康状况不佳以及官方承认的残疾普遍存在,也增加了死亡风险。根据我们的分析,与其他研究相比,在将工作条件引入模型后,收入状况并不影响死亡风险。我们得出结论,减少工作压力可能是延长晚年预期寿命的有效方法。进一步的研究应该投资于更深入地了解收入和工作条件之间的相互作用,考虑发生艰苦工作条件时的年龄和持续时间,并观察职业中工作条件的变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Working Conditions and Mortality Risks Among Those Over the Age of 65: Findings From Germany
Despite the common worldwide trend of increasing life expectancy, socioeconomic differences and inequalities in mortality risks remain. This study focuses on the differences in mortality risks after the age of 65 due to working conditions during one’s working life. The study is based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), a representative longitudinal survey for Germany. Using occupations as a linkage variable, we match job exposure matrices that contain information about typical occupational working conditions from the German Working Conditions Survey. We estimate event analysis models to determine the effects of typical working conditions in occupations on mortality risks after retirement, while controlling for numerous individual characteristics. Working in occupations with strenuous conditions leads to higher mortality risks in later life. The effect is more pronounced for women than for men. Other factors, notably being male, having poor self-assessed health and the prevalence of an officially acknowledged disability, also increase mortality risks. According to our analysis—and in contrast to other studies—income position does not affect mortality risks after working conditions are introduced to the model. We conclude that reducing job strains may be an effective way of increasing life expectancy in later life. Further research should invest in a deeper understanding of the interplay between income and working conditions, consider the age and duration when strenuous working conditions occur and observe changes in working conditions within occupations.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
21.60%
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