透明质酸的周转和代谢。

J. Fraser, T. Laurent
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引用次数: 211

摘要

透明质酸的最高浓度出现在滑液、玻璃体、皮肤和某些特殊组织,如脐带和鸡冠,在胎儿发育期间,以及在组织修复和再生中。在皮肤和肌肉骨骼组织的细胞间基质中发现的量最大。血液中的周转量通常在0.3-1.0微克/千克体重之间。循环透明质酸主要来自淋巴。然而,在周围淋巴到达血液之前,淋巴结可以从周围淋巴中提取80-90%。外周组织的转化可能受到原位降解或通过扩散或流体动力转移到淋巴的影响。透明质酸与细胞或结合蛋白紧密结合,但大部分存在于半衰期为两天或更短的自由活动的腔室中,并在运输到其他地方后代谢。透明质酸的代谢降解主要发生在细胞内,依赖于受体的摄取,与其他透明质酸结合结构不同,该受体也结合硫酸软骨素。这种双重特异性可能主要与透明质酸的代谢降解有关。摄取和代谢主要是在肝脏和淋巴结由内皮细胞衬里的鼻窦。进一步研究表明,在淋巴结和脾脏中,与内皮细胞交织的巨噬细胞样细胞也摄取透明质酸。在体内,从聚合物到单糖、乙酸酯等的代谢循环可在10分钟内完成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Turnover and metabolism of hyaluronan.
The highest concentrations of hyaluronan occur in synovial fluid, vitreous body, skin and certain specialized tissues such as umbilical cord and rooster comb, during fetal development, and in tissue repair and regeneration. The largest amounts are found in the intercellular matrix of skin and musculoskeletal tissues. Turnover in the bloodstream is normally in the range of 0.3-1.0 microgram min-1/kg body weight. Circulating hyaluronan is mostly derived from lymph. Lymph nodes may nevertheless extract as much as 80-90% from peripheral lymph before it can reach the bloodstream. Turnover in peripheral tissues may be effected by degradation in situ, or by transfer into lymph by diffusion or hydrodynamic forces. Hyaluronan is firmly bound in specific association with cells or binding proteins but much of it exists in freely mobilized compartments with a half-life of two days or less, and it is metabolized after transport elsewhere. Metabolic degradation of hyaluronan is principally intracellular and relies on uptake by a receptor which, in contrast with other hyaluronan-binding structures, also binds chondroitin sulphate. It is suggested that this dual specificity may be primarily associated with metabolic degradation of hyaluronan. Uptake and metabolism are primarily effected in liver and lymph node by endothelial cells lining the sinusoids of each. Further studies indicate that in lymph nodes and in spleen, macrophage-like cells intertwined with the endothelial cells also take up hyaluronan. The metabolic cycle from polymer to monosaccharides, acetate and beyond can be completed in vivo within 10 minutes.
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