Region-to-Region Energy Sharing for Prosumer Clusters in Distribution Network: A Multi-Leaders and Multi-Followers Stackelberg Game

With the extensive integration of the distributed energy resources, the energy scheduling among multiple sharing entities has been complicated by prosumer-based-regions and their interaction with regional prosumers. This article proposes an energy sharing scheme considering the region-to-region (R2R) energy sharing process and demand response (DR) simultaneously, which is formulated as a multi-leaders and multi-regions Stackelberg game. Regions are formulated by prosumer clusters with same geographical locations, where the regional energy-sharing providers serve as the leaders conducting the R2R energy sharing, while prosumers within the region are the followers implementing the DR. A R2R energy sharing model among regions is formulated where a novel dynamical pricing scheme is designed based on the unbalanced energy in R2R energy sharing process. Besides, a fair and stable allocation mechanism is introduced according to prosumers’ contribution for the R2R energy sharing, which is nested into prosumers’ DR model with dynamical regional prices. The multi-leaders and multi-followers Stackelberg equilibrium can be obtained through a distributed iterative algorithm, which implements between the regions and prosumers. Finally, the practical case study shows the effectiveness of improving local energy consumption and the regions’ economic interests.