A Massively Parallel Restriction-Smoothed Basis Multiscale Solver on Multi-Core and GPU Architectures

Due to its simplicity, adaptability, and applicability to various grid formats, the restriction-smoothed basis multiscale method (MsRSB) (Møyne and Lie 2016) has received wide attention and has been extended to various flow problems in porous media. Unlike the standard multiscale methods, MsRSB relies on iterative smoothing to find the multiscale basis functions in an adaptive manner, giving it the ability to naturally adjust to various complex grid orientations often encountered in real-life industrial applications. In this work, we investigate the scalability of MsRSB on various state-of-the-art parallel architectures, including multi-core systems and GPUs. While MsRSB is — like most other multiscale methods — directly amenable to parallelization, the dependence on a smoother to find the basis functions creates unique control- and data-flow patterns. These patterns require careful design and implementation in parallel environments to achieve good scalability. We extend the work on parallel multiscale methods in Manea et al. (2016) and Manea and Almani (2019) to map the MsRSB special kernels to the shared-memory parallel multi-core and GPU architectures. The scalability of our optimized parallel MsRSB implementation is demonstrated using highly heterogeneous 3D problems derived from the SPE10 Benchmark (Christie and Blunt 2001). Those problems range in size from millions to tens of millions of cells. The multi-core implementation is benchmarked on a shared memory multi-core architecture consisting of two packages of Intel's Cascade Lake Xeon® Gold 6246 CPU, while the GPU implementation is benchmarked on a massively parallel architecture consisting of Nvidia Volta V100 GPUs. We compare the multi-core implementation to the GPU implementation for both the setup and solution stages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel implementation and demonstration of the versatile MsRSB method on the GPU architecture.