钙,镁和磷酸盐

IF 1 4区 医学 Q4 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Lindsay A. L. Bazydlo, M. A. Needham, N. Harris
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引用次数: 41

摘要

###钙#### analytecal概述钙通过细胞内外的信号传导在细胞结构成分和生化功能中起着重要作用。钙对于正常的神经肌肉功能和凝血因子的正常功能是必不可少的。它是体内最常见的阳离子,存在于骨骼、软组织和细胞外液中。在血清中,总钙浓度约为8.4 ~ 10.2 mg/dL (2.1 ~ 2.6 mmol/L)。这种钙以两种不同的形式存在,即结合态和游离态。钙的蛋白结合形式约占血清总钙的40%,其中80%与白蛋白结合,其余20%与球蛋白结合总钙的10%与小阴离子结合,包括碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和乳酸盐血浆中游离的生理活性钙(通常称为电离钙)浓度约为4.4至5.2毫克/分升(1.1至1.3毫摩尔/升)。在未受刺激的细胞中,胞浆内钙浓度通常很低,约为0.1 μM。这比血清游离钙浓度低4个数量级。细胞机制对细胞质钙的微小升高有灵敏的反应,使其成为高度敏感的第二信使。与血浆蛋白结合的血清钙的量会受到许多因素的影响,其中之一就是血液的pH值。在碱中毒患者中,较高的pH值允许更多的游离钙与蛋白质结合,有效地降低游离钙的浓度。急性呼吸性碱中毒患者pH每升高0.1个单位,离子钙就会降低0.16 mg/dL (0.04 mmol/L)科学家们开发了各种经验公式来根据血清蛋白浓度调整血清总钙的测量。这种方法用于在解释总钙时排除蛋白质的影响[[1]]。电子邮件:lbazydlo{at}ufl.edu [1]: #xref- correspondence -1-1
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate
### Calcium #### Overview of Analyte Calcium plays significant roles in cell structural components and biochemical functioning through signaling within and external to the cell. Calcium is essential for normal neuromuscular function and for correct functioning of the coagulation factors. It is the most prevalent cation in the body and is found in the skeleton, soft tissue, and extracellular fluid. In serum, the total calcium concentration is approximately 8.4 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.1–2.6 mmol/L). This calcium exists in 2 different forms, namely, bound and free. The protein-bound form of calcium accounts for approximately 40% of total serum calcium, of which 80% is bound to albumin and the remaining 20% is bound to globulins.1 A total of 10% of the total calcium is bound to small anions, including bicarbonate, phosphate, citrate, and lactate.1 The free, physiologically active calcium (often called ionized calcium) concentration in the plasma is approximately 4.4 to 5.2 mg/dL (1.1 to 1.3 mmol/L). The intracellular cytoplasmic calcium concentration is typically very low in unstimulated cells—approximately 0.1 μM. This is 4 orders of magnitude lower than the serum free-calcium concentration. The cellular machinery is exquisitely responsive to very small elevations in cytoplasmic calcium, making it a highly sensitive second messenger. The amount of serum calcium that is bound to plasma protein can be impacted by a number of factors, one of which is the pH of blood. In a patient with alkalosis, the higher pH allows for greater binding of free calcium to proteins, effectively decreasing the concentration of free calcium. Ionized calcium will decrease 0.16 mg/dL (0.04 mmol/L) with every 0.1-unit increase in pH in patients with acute respiratory alkalosis.2 Scientists have developed various empirical formulae to adjust the total serum calcium measurement according to the serum protein concentration. This method is used to exclude protein effects when interpreting total calcium … [↵][1]* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lbazydlo{at}ufl.edu [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
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来源期刊
Labmedicine
Labmedicine 医学-医学实验技术
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
155
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Lab Medicine is a peer-reviewed biomedical journal published quarterly by the ASCP and Oxford University Press. The journal invites submission of manuscripts on topics related to clinical chemistry and microbiology, hematology, immunology, transfusion medicine, molecular diagnostics, cytology, histology, and laboratory administration and management. Original research, reviews, and case reports are considered for publication. Lab Medicine is indexed (under the title Laboratory Medicine) by the National Library of Medicine and is included in the PubMed database.
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