波束形成和预编码技术

D. Darsena, G. Gelli, F. Verde
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引用次数: 6

摘要

波束形成和预编码/组合是旨在在无线通信系统的发射机和/或接收机处处理多天线信号的技术。虽然它们已被常规用于提高当前和前几代移动通信系统的性能,但预计它们将在第五代(5G)新无线电(NR)蜂窝系统中发挥更重要的作用,其功能已在3GPP 5G标准化过程的第一阶段定义。除了在传统的低于6ghz的蜂窝频段工作外,5G NR还被设计为在更高的毫米波(MMW)频段工作。在较低频率下,5G NR的多天线技术主要是对最初为4G长期演进(LTE)设计的技术的改进。相反,为了应对毫米波场景的特点,如天线单元数量更多、定向传输更多、路径损耗值更高,5G NR规范中纳入了新的动态、特定于用户的、计算效率高的多天线解决方案和程序。特别是,由于5G NR的多天线技术通常需要详细的信道状态信息(CSI),因此对用于CSI获取和报告的参考信号集和程序进行了彻底的重新设计。5G NR正在不断发展,将增加新的功能,而现有的功能将在5G标准化的第二阶段得到增强,重点是降低CSI开销,抗信道间空间相关性的鲁棒性,非常规传输方法和基于软件的可重构天线。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Beamforming and Precoding Techniques
Beamforming and precoding/combining are techniques aimed at processing multiantenna signals at the transmitter and/or at the receiver of a wireless communication system. While they have been routinely used to improve performance in current and previous generations of mobile communications systems, they are expected to play a more fundamental role in 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cellular systems, whose functionalities have been defined in the first phase of 3GPP 5G standardization process. Besides operating in traditional cellular sub-6 GHz frequency band, 5G NR has been natively designed also to work in the higher millimeter-wave (MMW) band. At lower frequencies, multiantenna techniques for 5G NR are mainly refinements of those originally designed for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE). On the contrary, to cope with the peculiarities of MMW scenarios, such as the larger number of antenna elements, the more directional transmission, and the higher path loss values, new dynamic, user-specific, and computationally-efficient multiantenna solutions and procedures have been incorporated in 5G NR specifications. In particular, since multiantenna techniques for 5G NR generally need detailed channel state information (CSI), a complete redesign of the set of reference signals and procedures used for CSI acquisition and reporting was carried out. 5G NR is continuously evolving and new features will be added, while the existing ones will be enhanced in the second phase of 5G standardization, with emphasis on reduction of CSI overhead, robustness against spatial correlation among channels, unconventional transmission methods, and software-based reconfigurable antennas.
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