丁香假单胞菌对突发性致病菌的抑制作用。猕猴桃属的个案研究——从果园到基因及其之间的一切

GM crops Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI:10.3390/crops2040025
M. Nunes da Silva, M. Santos, M. Vasconcelos, S. Carvalho
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引用次数: 3

摘要

全球化推动了全球范围内的人类迁徙和商业交流,但不幸的是,它导致了一些农业生态系统引入了非本地生物。其中包括致病菌,对全世界粮食生产具有重要农艺意义的许多作物造成毁灭性后果。在过去十年中,研究工作集中在这些有害生物上,旨在了解它们的进化过程、致病性程度和缓解策略,从而使利益攸关方和决策者能够制定基于证据的监管规范,以改进管理实践并最大限度地减少生产损失。其中一个病例是丁香假单胞菌pv。猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的病原菌——猕猴桃酸菌(actinidiae, Psa)对猕猴桃产业造成了巨大的生产损失和果园管理成本的增加。虽然Psa目前被认为是一种大流行病原体,远未被根除,但严格的管理规范的实施和科学界的努力使其能够通过综合虫害管理办法在一定程度上减轻其负面影响。这包括实施指导方针、修改栽培方法和寻找植物抗性的来源。然而,细菌性病原体往往具有高度的时空变异性,通过突变、重组和基因流动不断产生新的菌株,对农业生态系统构成持续的压力。这篇综述旨在批判性地评价从果园管理到基因组分析等方面为减轻细菌性病原体对农学影响所做的努力,并以Psa为例进行研究,这将有助于在全球农业生态系统中对新出现的病原体做出更迅速的反应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mitigation of Emergent Bacterial Pathogens Using Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as a Case Study—From Orchard to Gene and Everything in Between
Globalization propelled human migration and commercial exchanges at the global level, but woefully led to the introduction of non-indigenous organisms into several agroecological systems. These include pathogenic bacteria with devastating consequences for numerous crops of agronomical importance for food production worldwide. In the last decade, research efforts have focused on these noxious organisms, aiming to understand their evolutionary processes, degree of pathogenicity, and mitigation strategies, which have allowed stakeholders and policymakers to develop evidence-based regulatory norms to improve management practices and minimize production losses. One of these cases is the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of the kiwifruit bacterial canker, which has been causing drastic production losses and added costs related to orchard management in the kiwifruit industry. Although Psa is presently considered a pandemic pathogen and far from being eradicated, the implementation of strict regulatory norms and the efforts employed by the scientific community allowed the mitigation, to some extent, of its negative impacts through an integrated pest management approach. This included implementing directive guidelines, modifying cultural practices, and searching for sources of plant resistance. However, bacterial pathogens often have high spatial and temporal variability, with new strains constantly arising through mutation, recombination, and gene flow, posing constant pressure to agroecosystems. This review aims to critically appraise the efforts developed to mitigate bacterial pathogens of agronomical impact, from orchard management to genome analysis, using Psa as a case study, which could allow a prompter response against emerging pathogens in agroecosystems worldwide.
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