Critical Success Factors in Strategic Alliances in Iran's Pharmaceutical Industry: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study

To overcome internal and external obstacles, including political crises, the Iranian pharmaceutical industry forms strategic collaborations. The high failure rate of strategic partnerships emphasizes the need to identify and evaluate success factors at different stages of the alliance lifecycle. Additionally, directed content analysis is used to assess the findings. In the formation phase, the most critical factors are partner selection and choice of the most important governance form, whereas in the operation phase, relational capital, coordination, conflict management, and selecting the appropriate alliance people are crucial. Evaluation of alliance performance should be undertaken throughout the duration of the alliance's existence.