在联合国可持续发展目标和乌克兰民主化的背景下,护士临终帮助问题教育领域的公共政策转变

вулиця Дорогожицька
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在联合国可持续发展目标的背景下,确定了在临终护理这一狭窄问题上护士教育领域国家政策转变的可能方向。2015年9月,民间社会组织积极参加的第70届联合国大会通过了《2030年可持续发展议程》,作为可持续发展峰会的一部分,其中包括17项全球可持续发展目标。全球目标4.7指出:“到2030年,确保所有学习者获得促进可持续发展所需的知识和技能,包括通过可持续发展和可持续生活方式、人权、性别平等、促进和平与非暴力文化、全球公民意识、欣赏文化多样性和文化对可持续发展的贡献等方面的教育”。这一目标也适用于医学教育(特别是对护士的教育)。在乌克兰实施医疗改革的背景下,这种教育内容的改进是实际的。对国际护士课程进行了内容分析,并与乌克兰医学院校实施的教学文件进行了比较。美国在民间社会组织积极参与下制定的项目符合联合国可持续发展目标4.7。比较这些文件,我们很容易发现乌克兰的课程既不符合国际护理培训标准,也不符合联合国可持续发展目标。这些课程只构成对文化多样性和人权价值的一般理解,不包括社会正义、包容、多学科合作等问题。对乌克兰内阁部长令2019年2月27日第95-r号批准的《乌克兰医学教育发展战略》的内容分析显示,该文件没有规定纳入全球目标4.7所规定的方面。公民参与国家教育政策的制定是形成民主社会的必要前提,并鼓励教育方案更好地符合人民的需求。本文认为,在医疗改革的背景下,有必要改变医学教育的内容和护士能力的形成方式,特别是在本科教育的临终关怀领域。需要开展跨部门和多学科合作,以制定符合国际标准的高质量护士培训方案;这尤其可以通过让民间社会机构参与这一进程来实现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION OF NURSES ON QUESTIONS OF HELP AT THE END OF LIFE IN THE CONTEXT OF UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN UKRAINE
Possible directions of transformation of the state policy in the field of education of nurses in a narrow issue of end-of-life nursing care in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals are identified. The 70th UN General Assembly where civic society organizations actively participated adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as part of the Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2015, which included 17 Global Sustainable Development Goals. Global Goal 4.7 stated: «By 2030 ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including among others through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship, and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development». This Goal also applies to medical education (in particular, for nurses). The improvement of the content of this education is actual in the context of the implementation of medical reform in Ukraine. A content analysis of the international curriculum for nurses and its comparison with teaching documents implemented in medical colleges in Ukraine has been made. The program developed in the United States with active participation of civil society organisations has been found to be consistent with UN Sustainable Development Goal 4.7. Comparing these documents, we can easily see Ukrainian curricula inconsistency with both international standards of nursing training and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. These curricula form only a generalized understanding of the value of cultural diversity and human rights and do not include issues of social justice, inclusion, multidisciplinary cooperation etc. A content analysis of the Strategy for the Development of Medical Education in Ukraine, approved by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 27th February, 2019, № 95-r, revealed that the document does not provide for the inclusion of aspects set out in Global Goal 4.7. Participation of citizens in development of national educational policy is the obligatory precondition for forming of the democratic society and encourages better compliance of educational programs with the needs of the population. It is argued that in the context of medical reform, it is necessary to change the approach to the content of medical education and the formation of the competence of nurses, in particular, in the field of end-of-life care in undergraduate education. Cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary cooperation is needed to develop quality training programs for nurses in line with international standards; this could be done in particular by involving civil society institutions in the process.
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