饱和甲基卤代脂肪烃

J. B. Reid
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在本章中讨论的饱和甲基卤代脂肪烃是不可能一概而论的。物理性质和毒理学表现在很大范围内不同,这取决于特定的卤素和所涉及的卤素原子的数量。如前一版所述,由于对平流层臭氧消耗的关注,这些化合物的用途已大大减少。另一方面,由于对这些化合物在氯化水系统中产生的担忧,对这些化合物的毒理学兴趣有所增加。美国环保署(国家环境评估中心)和其他机构正在通过多种途径,包括复杂的流行病学工具,积极调查饮用水水源氯化处理与人类癌症之间可能存在的关系。许多化合物已被证明在动物身上致癌,但它们对人类的效力仍在考虑之中,它们与人类健康的复杂相互作用具有挑战性。另一个与这些材料相关的生物化学领域是关于脂质过氧化及其在疾病中的作用以及从动物物种到人类的外推。与以前的版本一样,本综述广泛地依赖于早期版本中提供的信息。在编写本章的过程中,利用了几个联机数据库查找最新的资料。这些网站包括NTP(国家毒理学计划)、IRIS(综合风险信息服务)和ATSDR(有毒物质和疾病登记处)网站。通过MEDLINE搜索最新的信息,并且在可能的情况下,对原始文章进行了审查。有争议的是,IRIS被认为是关于癌症的最后定论。许多化合物最近已由ATSDR审查,并在其毒理学概况中进行了报告。在编写本章时利用了最近的审查。此外,还使用了《化学品危害袖珍指南》和ACGIH的TLV和其他职业暴露值-1999。关键词:氯甲烷;制冷剂;甲基溴化;灭火药剂;碘甲烷;二氯甲烷;黄萎病;氯仿;三溴甲烷;Lacrimator;碘仿;四氯化碳;四溴甲烷
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Saturated Methyl Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
It is impossible to generalize on the saturated methyl halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons discussed in this chapter. Physical properties and toxicological manifestations differ over a broad range depending on the particular halogen and the number of halogen atoms involved. As mentioned in the previous edition, the usefulness of these compounds has been significantly reduced because of the concern over stratospheric ozone depletion. On the other hand, toxicological interest in these compounds has increased because of concern over their production in chlorinated water systems. The USEPA (National Center for Environmental Assessment) and others are actively investigating the possible relationship between chlorination of drinking water sources and human cancer through many avenues, including sophisticated epidemiologic tools. Many of the compounds have been shown to produce cancer in animals, but their potency for humans is still under consideration, and the complex interactions with regard to human health are challenging. The other area of biochemistry that is of relevance to some of these materials is in regard to lipid peroxidation and its role in disease and in extrapolation from animal species to humans. As in the previous editions, this review relies extensively on information provided in earlier editions. Several online databases were utilized in searching for the most recent information in preparing the chapter. These included NTP (National Toxicology Program), IRIS (Integrated Risk Information Service), and the ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) websites. Most recent information was sought through MEDLINE, and, when possible, the original articles were reviewed. Debatably, IRIS was considered to be the last word with regard to cancer. Many of the compounds have been recently reviewed by the ATSDR and are reported in their toxicological profiles. Recent reviews were utilized in preparing this chapter. In addition, the Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards and the ACGIH's TLV's and Other Occupational Exposure Values-1999 were utilized. Keywords: Methyl chloride; Refrigerant; Methyl bromide; Fire extinguishing agents; Methyl iodide; Methylene chloride; Cyanosis; Chloroform; Bromoform; Lacrimator; Iodoform; Carbon tetrachloride; Tetrabromomethane
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