Consistent nighttime light time series in 1992–2020 in Northern Africa by combining DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS data

ABSTRACT Human activities modulate the impact of environmental forcing in general and of climate in particular. Information on the spatial and temporal patterns of human activities is in high demand, but scarce in sparsely populated and data-poor regions such as Northern Africa. The intensity and spatial distribution of nighttime lights provide useful information on human activities and can be observed by space-borne imaging radiometers. Our study helps to bridge the gap between the DMSP-OLS data available until 2013 and the NPP-VIIRS data available since 2013. The approach to calibrate the OLS data includes three steps: a) inter-calibrate the OLS DN data acquired by different sensors in 1992–2013; b) calibrate the OLS DN data using VIIRS data in 2013; c) generate synthetic OLS radiance data by degrading the VIIRS data in 2013–2020. We generated a) a time series of calibrated OLS nighttime light radiance data (1992–2013); b) mean annual VIIRS radiance on stable lights at the OLS spatial resolution for 2013–2020; c) synthetic OLS radiance data generated using VIIRS radiance data degraded to match the radiometric specifications of OLS for 2013–2020. The evaluation of these data products in 2013 documented their accuracy and consistency.