Anti-inflammatory and Cytokines Modulatory Activities of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiacea) in Wound Healing: Roles of IL6

Health problems relating to wound healing remain a significant issue in health management. Various formulations of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) serves potent roles in ethnomedicine. To explore the counter-inflammatory and cytokines modulatory roles together with the antioxidant and wound healing properties of Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) leaves essential oil (SMEO) on excised wounds. Spondias mombin Linn. (Anacardiaceous) leaves essential oil was isolated through hydro distillation essential in Clevenger type apparatus (Borosil, India). Then thirty-eight healthy adult male albino rats (250 ± 20g) were grouped randomly into (n=6); Group 1- 50 µL 1% SMEO, Group 2- 0.1% DMSO and Tween 20 (Control), Group 3- Dermazin® ointment, Group 4-untreated, Group 5-50µL 10% SMEO, Group 6- 50µL 15% SMEO, with two unwounded samples, were treated for 14 days. Tissues of two rats was harvested per group on the 3 rd, 10th and 14th days after excision, wounded areas were excised for RT-qPCR cytokines analysis and gene expression (Light Cycler, Mannheim, Germany) (IL 6, IL1β, TNFα). The SMEO of (25–100 μg/ml) was passed through Total antioxidant/flavonoid/phenol phytochemical estimation assays. The assays showed high presence of flavonoids/phenols. The 10% and 15% essential oil healing progression showed efficiency over the standard. Cytokine analysis/gene expression revealed a significant reduction in IL6 levels, a key regulator of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and reparative process, after the 3rd, 7th and 14th day. The extracted Spondias mombin Linn. essential oil showed stimulation of an anti-inflammatory effect through a significant reduction of IL-6 levels as compared to the vehicle and standard treatment on the 3 rd, 10th through to the 14th day of the treatment course, neo-vascularization, tissue regeneration phase and overall improved wound healing better than the standard.