替柯planin在婴幼儿中的临床药理学研究

Gian Pacific
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摘要

Teicoplanin是一种糖肽,是相关糖肽的混合物。Teicoplanin通过高亲和力结合细胞壁前体单位的d -丙烯酰- d -丙氨酸末端,抑制敏感细菌细胞壁的合成。由于其大分子大小,teicoplanin不能穿透革兰氏阴性菌的外膜。对于小于一个月的婴儿,替科普兰宁的静脉注射剂量为负载剂量16mg /kg,然后维持剂量8mg /kg,每天一次;对于较大的婴儿,替科普兰宁的静脉注射剂量为负载剂量12mg /kg,每天两次,然后维持剂量10mg /kg,每天一次。儿童口服剂量为100 - 200mg,每日两次,静脉注射剂量为12mg /kg,每日两次,然后是12mg /kg,每日一次。替可普兰已被证实对婴儿和儿童有效且安全。替可planin在婴儿和儿童中的消除半衰期为73.9小时,可通过肾脏和肾外途径从体内清除。< 12月龄儿童对替可planin的总清除率为0.09 L/h,较大儿童为0.29 L/h。对婴儿和儿童使用替柯planin进行治疗和预防已有报道。替柯普兰静脉注射和/或脑室注射治疗由葡萄球菌和肠球菌引起的脑感染。本研究的目的是回顾已发表的关于替柯planin剂量、有效性和安全性、药代动力学、药物相互作用、治疗、预防以及对婴儿和儿童脑脊液渗透的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Clinical pharmacology of teicoplanin in infants and children
Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide and is a mixture of related glycopeptides. Teicoplanin inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall in sensitive bacteria by binding with high affinity to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units. Because of its large molecular size, teicoplanin is unable to penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. The intravenous dosage of teicoplanin consists in a loading dose of 16 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 8 mg/kg once-daily to infants aged < one month and in older infants the dosage of teicoplanin consists in a loading dose of 12 mg/kg twice-daily followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mg/kg once daily. In children, the oral dose is 100 to 200 mg twice-daily and the intravenous dosage consists in 12 mg/kg twice-daily followed by 12 mg/kg once-daily. Teicoplanin has been found efficacy and safe in infants and children. The elimination half-life of teicoplanin is 73.9 hours in infants and children and teicoplanin is cleared from the body by renal and extra-renal routes. The total body clearance of teicoplanin is 0.09 L/h in children aged < 12 months and 0.29 L/h in older children. The treatment and the prophylaxis with teicoplanin have been described in infants and children. Teicoplanin administered intravenously and/or intraventricularly treats the cerebral infections caused by staphylococci and enterococci. The aim of this study is to review the published data on teicoplanin dosing, efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetics, drug-interactions, treatment, prophylaxis, and penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid in infants and children.
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