莽草酸途径在酚类化合物生物合成中的应用

N. Santos-Sánchez, R. Salas-Coronado, B. Hernández-Carlos, Claudia Villanueva-Cañongo
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引用次数: 143

摘要

酚类化合物是植物中含量最多的次生代谢物。这些芳香分子具有重要的作用,作为色素、抗氧化剂、信号剂、结构元素木脂素,并作为一种防御机制。酚类化合物的表达受到生物和非生物胁迫(例如,食草动物、病原体、不利的温度和pH值、盐胁迫、重金属胁迫、UVB和UVA辐射)的促进。这些化合物是通过高等植物和微生物中的莽草酸途径形成的。负责调节酚代谢的酶是已知的,莽草酸是一个中心代谢物。莽草酸途径由七个反应步骤组成,首先是糖酵解途径中磷酸烯醇丙酮酸(PEP)的醛缩型缩合,然后是戊糖磷酸循环中d -红-4-磷酸生成3-脱氧-d -阿拉伯糖-庚糖酸7-磷酸(DAHP)。一个关键的分支点化合物是草酸,它是莽草酸途径的最终产物。本章描述了莽草酸途径,以及诱导植物中酚类化合物合成的因素。讨论了生物和非生物胁迫对植物酚类化合物产生影响的一些典型例子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Shikimic Acid Pathway in Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites found most abundantly in plants. These aromatic molecules have important roles, as pigments, antioxidants, signaling agents, the structural element lignan, and as a defense mechanism. The expression of phenolic compounds is promoted by biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., herbivores, pathogens, unfavorable temperature and pH, saline stress, heavy metal stress, and UVB and UVA radiation). These compounds are formed via the shikimate pathway in higher plants and microorganisms. The enzymes responsible for the regulation of phenolic metabolism are known, and shikimic acid is a central metabolite. The shikimate pathway consists of seven reaction steps, beginning with an aldol-type condensation of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) from the glycolytic pathway, and D-erythrose-4-phosphate, from the pentose phosphate cycle, to produce 3-deoxy-D- arabino -heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP). A key branch-point compound is chorismic acid, the final product of the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is described in this chapter, as well as factors that induce the synthesis of phenolic compounds in plants. Some representative examples that show the effect of biotic and abiotic stress on the production of phenolic compounds in plants are discussed.
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