Coordinated optimization model for solar PV systems integrated into DC distribution networks

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems will drive deep electrification of energy systems leading to clean energy 2050. However, connecting large amounts of solar PV systems on direct current (DC) networks, like solar farms and potential future DC distribution systems, would lead to over voltages and loss of solar PV power output due to voltage issues. Further, current PV integration within distribution networks operate exclusively to maximize output using maximum power point tracking algorithms, without network coordination, which may lead to reduced solar output due to voltage issues. Here, a coordinated optimization model for solar PV systems and distribution network voltage regulators is presented. The proposed model optimally controls the settings of voltage controllers (DC‐DC converters), placed at the outputs of solar PV units and selected distribution lines, while maximizing solar power output and minimizing substation power (i.e. system losses). The solar PV systems are modelled using a trained neural network. Testing various systems against uncoordinated situations revealed that the proposed model yielded an increase in solar power of up to 60.06%, in the 28‐bus case. The proposed method will be an excellent tool enabling deep electrification using solar PV system and it overcomes limitations of uncoordinated systems used in practice today.