Analisis Kebijakan dan Program Pencegahan Perilaku Merokok pada Sekolah Muhammadiyah di Kota Depok

Abstract School has an important role in preventing students’ smoking behavior. This research aims to analyze non- smoking area policies and prevention programs for smoking behavior, as well as of the role of students, parents, teacher and staff in preventing students’ smoking behavior. This qualitative research was conducted in six Muhammadiyah Schools in Depok City. Data collection was carried out in January 2018 to April 2019. The informants of the study were 15 selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection is done through in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis. The research instrument was developed from North Carolina Tobacco Free School Assessment Tool to determine smoking behavior, smoking cessation programs and the role of various parties in these policies and programs. Data analysis was carried out by thematic content analysis technique. Schools have implemented non-smoking area policies throughout the school area for student, school teachers, staff and visitors. However, there are no detailed regulations regarding the prevention policy of smoking behavior that is pointed out to staff, teachers and visitors. Educational programs related to the dangers of smoking are carried out in the hidden curriculum. The school has not organized a smoking cessation program. The involvement of parents and students in order to prevent smoking behavior in school’s prevention program has not yet been done optimally. The challenges in preventing smoking behavior is lack of optimal prevention smoking behavior outside of school and the absence of smoking cessation program conducted in schools. Abstrak Sekolah memiliki peranan penting dalam mencegah perilaku merokok siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) dan program pendidikan pencegahan perilaku merokok, serta peran siswa, staf, dan orang tua dalam pencegahan perilaku merokok siswa. Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan di enam Sekolah Muhammadiyah Tingkat Menengah Atas di Kota Depok. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2018 hingga April 2019. Informan penelitian berjumlah 15 informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Instrumen penelitian dikembangkan dari North Carolina Tobacco Free School Assessment Tool untuk mengetahui kebijakan pencegahan perilaku merokok, program pendidikan untuk mencegah perilaku merokok, program upaya berhenti merokok dan peran berbagai pihak dalam kebijakan dan program tersebut. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik konten tematik analisis. Sekolah telah menerapkan kebijakan KTR di seluruh area sekolah bagi siswa, staf, guru dan pengunjung. Namun tidak ada peraturan mendetil terkait kebijakan pencegahan perilaku merokok yang ditujukkan kepada staf, guru dan pengunjung. Program pendidikan terkait bahaya merokok dilakukan secara hidden curriculum. Sekolah belum menyelenggarakan program berhenti merokok. Pelibatan orang tua dan siswa dalam rangka mencegah perilaku merokok di sekolah belum dilakukan secara optimal. Tantangan dalam pencegahan perilaku merokok ialah kurang optimalnya pencegahan perilaku merokok di luar sekolah serta belum adanya program berhenti merokok yang dilakukan di sekolah.