Speed of Catch-up and Digital Divide: Convergence Analysis of Mobile Cellular, Internet, and Fixed Broadband for 44 African Countries

ABSTRACT This study examines the dynamics of the digital divide between middle- and low-income groups of 44 African countries in the context of three technologies – mobile cellular, Internet, and fixed broadband – from 2000 to 2015. At the macro level, the relative digital divide has been narrowing at the annual rates from 11.3% to 0.72%, while the absolute digital divide has been widening at the annual rates from 31.33% to 17.11%. At the microlevel, convergence analysis indicates that a catch-up process has taken place in both income groups, with the low-income group displaying a faster catch-up speed in all three technologies. Combining the findings from the macro and the microlevel of the analysis revealed a positive relationship between the increasing rates of the absolute digital divide and the annual rate of catch-up by the low-income group. The faster is the increasing rate of the absolute digital divide, the faster the speed of catch-up by the low-income group of countries becomes. Several policy implications from these findings are discussed.