Adaptation of Azospirillum to stress conditions: A review

Microorganisms has a vital role in agriculture in order to promote the exchange of plant nutrients and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. The crucial factor controlling the growth and nitrogen fixation of Azospirillum in the soil is drought, i.e. high temperature and low moisture and salinity. Nevertheless, the crops are highly adapted to drought and saline soils. So, the crop is also to be inoculated with the organism of stress-tolerant nature to establish strong colonization and effective Rhizobiocoenosis.The survival of the inoculated strains at such stress conditions is also very important. Influence of osmotic stress conditions such as salinity and drought on the Azospirillum - plant root association and on the various mechanisms conferring crop response by Azospirillum are unknown. Therefore, a large screening development of stress tolerance in Azospirillum strain with all potential for agricultural crops grown in semiarid regions is highly necessary.