老年人外出活动和社会休闲活动的性别和地区差异。

民 斎藤, 克則 近藤, 村田 千代栄, 丞媛 鄭, 佳代 鈴木, 尚己 近藤, Jages グループ
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引用次数: 13

摘要

目的:促进老年人参与社会和休闲活动可有效预防其健康衰退。然而,这些活动的性别或区域差异仍然不清楚,尽管有必要采取针对性别或区域的促进办法。本研究考察了居住在社区的老年人在外出、社交和休闲活动方面的性别和城乡差异。方法:数据来自日本老年学评价研究(JAGES)。这些分析对象是103621名65岁及以上的老年人,他们在功能上独立,生活在31个城市之一。共有七个活动变量被评估为每周外出,参与有偿工作,每月或任何频率参与团体活动,每月或任何频率与朋友联系,以及是否有爱好。我们还评估了小组活动的内容和兴趣爱好。性别、年龄组别(年轻人:65-74岁;老年人(年龄:75岁及以上),以及被划分为农村、城市或大都市的地区群体,与教育、抑郁和其他协变量一起进行了评估。采用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归分析,检验不同性别和地区在外出、社交和休闲活动方面的年龄分层差异(P< 0.01)。结果:多变量logistic回归分析显示,男性更有可能参与每周外出、有偿工作和爱好,但不太可能参与团体活动和与朋友联系,无论是每月还是任何频率。大多数活动也被发现在区域组之间存在显著差异。例如,大都市地区的人每周外出的可能性是前者的2.3倍,但与朋友联系的可能性是后者的0.4倍(老年人组)或0.5倍(年轻人组)。在所有性别和地区群体中,爱好或运动团体的参与比例均超过20%;另一方面,都市男性和农村男性参加高级俱乐部或社区协会的比例相差约30%。至于爱好,散步/慢跑和园艺在所有性别和地区群体中都很受欢迎,而参与各种爱好的比例在性别和地区群体中有所不同。结论:研究结果表明:1)不同性别和地区群体在社交和休闲活动水平上存在差异;2)不同性别和地区群体在热门群体活动或爱好上既有相似之处,也有不同之处。应考虑到这些性别和地区群体的特点,有针对性地促进老年人的活动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
高齢者の外出行動と社会的・余暇的活動における性差と地域差 JAGES プロジェクトから
OBJECTIVES:  Promoting social and leisure activity participation in older adults could be effective in preventing their health decline. However, gender or regional differences in those activities remain unclear despite the necessity of gender- or region-specific approaches to their promotion. This study examined gender and urban-rural differences in going-out, social, and leisure activities among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS:  Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). Those analyzed were 103,621 people aged 65 or older who were functionally independent and lived in one of 31 municipalities. A total of seven activity variables were assessed with weekly going out, engagement in paid work, monthly and any frequency of engagement in group activities, monthly and any frequency of contact with friends, and having hobbies. We additionally assessed the contents of the group activities and hobbies. Gender, age groups (young-old: 65-74; old-old: 75 and over), and region groups, which were categorized as rural, urban, or metropolitan, were assessed along with education, depression, and other covariates. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to examine the age group-stratified differences in the going-out, social, and leisure activities among gender and region groups (P<.01). RESULTS:  Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men were more likely to engage in weekly going out, paid work, and hobbies but less likely to engage in group activities and contact with friends, either monthly or at any frequency. Most activities were also found to differ significantly among the region groups. For instance, people in metropolitan areas were 2.3 times more likely to engage in weekly going out but were 0.4 (old-old group) or 0.5 times (young-old group) less likely to engage in contact with friends. Percentages of engagement in hobby- or sport-groups were over 20% in all gender and region groups; on the other hand, about 30% differences were found in the percentages of engagement in senior clubs or neighborhood associations between metropolitan and rural men. As for having hobbies, walking/jogging and gardening were popular across all gender and region groups, while the percentages of engagement in a variety of hobbies differed among gender and region groups. CONCLUSION:  Our findings suggest 1) differences in the levels of social and leisure activities among gender and region groups and 2) both similarities and differences in the popular group activities or hobbies among gender and region groups. Activity promotion for older adults should be targeted considering these gender and region group characteristics.
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