Therapeutic use of videotape self-modeling: A review

Videotape self-modeling (VSM) refers to the behavioral change resulting from the observation of oneself while engaging in only desired target behaviors (Dowrick, 1983a). A comprehensive review of 27 studies using some form of VSM was conducted. The studies were assessed across six variables, including: (1) author(s), (2) year of publication or presentation, (3) subject population (including number, major diagnostic category, and setting in which the research was conducted), (4) dependent variable (behavior targeted for change), (5) experimental design, and (6) a brief statement as to the effectiveness of the intervention. Results of the review reveal a strong trend toward the use of VSM procedures with specific clinical problems using within-subject methods. However, few if any studies provide sufficient information about the actual details of the procedure to allow for the standardized, empirically-based use of the technique. Theoretical bases for self-modeling effects are examined. The article concludes with a discussion of future research and the scientific, clinical and ethical issues inherent in the use of VSM procedures with clinical populations.