对特斯塔特关于澳大利亚社会组织演变的论述的回应

M. Blows
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Testart的假设被置于历史的视角中。本文讨论了在Testart的论文中很突出的Kaiabara案例研究,但在他的书中只是说明意义,而不是作为证据。特斯塔特对祖母制社会与母系制社会分类之间一致性程度的数学分析,为推断社会组织的演变提供了一种有趣的方法,尽管所需的量化涉及一些困难。Testart对理解片段组织的进一步主要贡献是他提出的基于违规者/非违规者二元切分的分类原则。他表明这一原则更符合母系分类而不是父系分类。有人认为,鹰-乌鸦神话(Testart从中衍生出违法者-非违法者二分法)指的是俄狄浦斯冲突,这与母系部分的形成有关。这进一步表明,对血液的禁忌是“违法者”概念的核心,与母系关系有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Response to Testart's Argument on the Evolution of Social Organization in Australia
Testart's hypothesis is placed in historical perspective. The Kaiabara case study, prominent in Testart's paper but of illustrative significance rather than as proof in his book, is discussed. Testart's mathematical analysis of the degree of coherence between the classifications of societies with patrimoieties as against those with matrimoieties provides an interesting means of reaching inferences about the evolution of social organization, although the required quantification involves some difficulties. Testart's further major contribution to the understanding of moiety organization is his proposed principle of classification based on the violator/non-violator diachotomy. He shows this principle to be more consistent with matrilineal than with patrilineal classifications. It is argued that the Eagle-Crow Myth, from which Testart derives the violator-non-violator diachotomy, refers to the Oedipal conflict, and that this is related to the formation of matrilineal moieties. It is further suggested that the taboo on blood, central to the ‘violator’ concept, is connected with matrilineality.
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