如何避免低渗透储层测试失败:案例研究

Y. Kaipov, S. Tyatyushkin, Oleg Kulyatin, Alexander Lomukhin, S. Romashkin
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摘要

本文介绍了高压低渗透条件下的探井试井方案。通过水力压裂前后的试井,为低渗透层的定性和定量描述提供了新的途径。为了在接收信息的时间和质量方面提供高度的可靠性、安全性和效率,使用了高科技井下工具的特殊组合。以往在亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区进行探井试井的经验表明,由于层理深、渗透率低、地层压力异常高,因此很难进行试井。这些类型的地层需要进行水力压裂以获得地面的商业流量。在低渗透油藏水力压裂后的试井过程中,通常不可能在规定的时间内获得无限作用的径向流态,因此无法估计地层的实际水平渗透率。为了进行复杂的试井和有效的水力压裂,使用了井下工具、油管下入孔的组合,包括射孔枪、封隔器、自动压力表、地面控制的井下阀门(油管和循环阀)。为了评估储层渗透率,在形成水力裂缝之前,在没有自然流入地面的情况下进行了试井,并在底部进行了压力累积关井。从而估算出地层压力、渗透率和表皮因子。在这项研究中,环空低压脉冲控制的多循环阀在几个流入周期、井下关井时的压力积累以及通过循环阀的反向循环将地层流体提升到地面方面发挥了主要作用。在进行水力压裂之前,进行了三次小型压裂测试,将水力压裂液注入储层,并记录了井下关井时的压力下降情况。在此阶段对裂缝闭合压力、储层压力、流度和压裂液的有效性进行了估算。水力压裂后,进行了流动周期,以评估新建裂缝的油井产能。这些试井活动以安全的方式成功进行,并达到了储层评价目标。本文讨论了在低渗透油藏中利用高科技井下设备进行水力压裂试井取得成功的独特经验和教训。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How not to fail during the Reservoir Test for Low Permeability Formation: Case Study
This paper presents The Exploration Well test solution under high pressure and low permeability. The work shows a new approach to the qualitative and quantitative description of the low permeability horizons by conducting the well testing before and after hydraulic fracturing. To provide a high degree of reliability, safety and efficiency in terms of time and quality of the received information the special combination of high-tech downhole tools was used. The previous experience of conducting the well testing in exploration wells at the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region showed difficulties due to the deep bedding, low permeability and abnormally high formation pressure. These types of formations require conducting the hydraulic fracturing to obtain the commercial flow at surface. During the well test after the hydraulic fracturing in a low-permeable reservoir usually it is not possible to achieve infinitely-acting radial flow regime within the allocated time which does not allow to estimate the actual horizontal permeability of the formation. To perform the complex well testing and effective hydraulic fracturing the combination of downhole tools, run-in hole on a tubing, including the perforating guns, packer, autonomous pressure gauges, downhole valves (tubing and circulation valves) controlled from the surface, was used. To assess the reservoir permeability the well testing was carried out with the inflow period without natural flow to the surface and pressure build-up shut-in at the bottom before creating the hydraulic fracture. As a result, the formation pressure, permeability and skin-factor are estimated. During this study, a multi-cycle valve controlled with a low-pressure impulse in the annulus played the major role in conducting several inflow periods, pressure build-ups with downhole shut-in and lifting the formation fluid to the surface by reverse circulating through the circulation valve. Before conducting the hydraulic fracturing, three mini-frac tests were carried out with injection of hydraulic fracturing fluid into the reservoir and recording the pressure fall-off with downhole shut-in. As a result of this period the fracture closure pressure, reservoir pressure, mobility and the effectiveness of fracturing fluid were estimated. After hydraulic fracturing, flowing periods were conducted to assess the well productivity with a created fracture. These well testing activities were carried out successfully in a safe manner and achieved reservoir evaluation objectives. This article discusses the unique experience and lessons learned from conducting the well testing with hydraulic fracturing using high-tech downhole equipment to achieve the successful results in low permeability reservoirs.
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