基于hydrajet的非常规井压裂技术

J. B. Surjaatmadja
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引用次数: 1

摘要

页岩资源开发的成功引起了人们对开发新技术的关注,以节省商业井所需的大量压裂处理。常规井的目标是形成一个单一的平面水力裂缝,而非常规井的目标通常是形成一个复杂的压裂网络。因此,在页岩地层中,需要建立与天然裂缝和层理的连通性,以产生较大的增产储层体积(SRV)。在具有挑战性的非常规油藏中,为了完成水平井的钻井作业,采用了两种主要的分段压裂技术:桥塞射孔和滑套。本文提出了一种有效的压裂技术,即水力喷射起裂,连续注入扩大裂缝。水力喷射用于放置大约2英寸的单孔或双孔。钻径和2英尺的穿透深度,绕过近井应力场,将能量集中在远离受干扰的近井应力场(由于钻井影响)的地方产生SRV。该过程包括两个步骤:在给定深度使用配备重力导向喷射工具的连续油管进行水力喷射,然后通过泵入环空和喷射工具进行压裂。大型微孔可以最大限度地减少常规射孔造成的能量损失,避免产生弯曲的射孔路径,最大限度地减少近井筛出的可能性,并产生复杂的裂缝网络。本文讨论了旨在在页岩地层中创造大SRV的新程序的独特机制。这项新技术相当容易实施,而且有益的影响可能是巨大的。介绍了页岩储层压裂增产的技术及其效益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hydrajet-Based Fracturing Treatment in Unconventional Wells
The success of resource shale development has drawn much attention to develop new technologies to economize the extensive fracturing treatments required to make commercial wells. While a single planar hydraulic fracture is the objective in conventional wells, generating a complex fracturing network is commonly the goal when fracturing unconventional wells. Therefore, in shale formations, it is required to establish connectivity to natural fractures and beddings to generate large Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). Two main staged fracturing techniques have been implemented to complete horizontal wells drilled in the challenging unconventional reservoirs: plug-and-perf and sliding sleeves. This paper presents a technique for effective fracture stimulation, including hydrajetting for fracture initiation, then continuous injection for fracture propagation. Hydrajetting is used to place singular or dual miniholes of approximately 2-in. ID and 2 ft penetration depth to bypass the near wellbore stress field and focus the energy on generating SRV at a distance away from the disturbed near wellbore stress field (due to drilling effects). The procedure involves two steps: hydrajetting at a given depth using coiled tubing equipped with a gravity-oriented jetting tool, and then fracturing by pumping through both the annulus and the jetting tool. Large miniholes offer minimizing the energy loss created by conventional perforations, avoiding tortuous path generation, minimizing possibilities for near wellbore screen-out, and generating complex fracture networks. This paper discusses the unique mechanics of the new procedure aimed at creating large SRV in shale formations. The new technique is fairly easy to implement and the beneficial impact could be substantial. The technique and resulting benefits in fracture stimulation of shale reservoirs will be presented.
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