Perceived knowledge of female athletes on the influence and effects of the menstrual cycle on musculoskeletal injuries

Background and Study Aim. The menstrual cycle (MC) has been theorized as a significant factor that contributes to musculoskeletal injuries amongst female athletes. However, the literature showing its effects are limited. Additionally, very little is known about the knowledge of the MC and its effects on the body and injury occurrence amongst competitive female athletes. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge levels on the effects of the MC and hormonal contraceptives amongst female athletes. Material and Methods. An online questionnaire was utilized. The questionnaire was distributed by the researchers, sports coaches and managers of the respective sports teams to university athletes older than 18 years. The data was analyzed quantitatively using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 28). Results. A total of 76 participants were recruited in this study with a mean age of 21,12±2,033. Out of the 76 respondents, 50% had no knowledge and only 2,6% had very high knowledge of the MC and its effects on musculoskeletal injuries. Majority of the respondents had “low knowledge” (n=32) on the effects of hormonal contraceptives on the body and only 5 participants had “very high knowledge”. Conclusion. Majority of the female athletes’ knowledge ranged from no to low knowledge of the MC and its effects on the body and musculoskeletal injuries. Additionally, the knowledge levels on the effects of hormonal contraceptives on the body were predominantly low. This highlights the importance of expanding the knowledge of female athletes and stakeholders within the sports community on the effects of the MC on injury occurrence.