Ukrainian Galicia and Volhynia

This chapter examines the summer 1941 pogroms in western Ukraine, in what had been the voivodships of Volhynia, Stanisławów, Lwów, and Tarnopol in pre-1939 Poland. Ukrainians constituted a majority of all inhabitants in the four voivodships, but were politically mobilized differently in Volhynia and the remaining Galician provinces. Similar to chapter 4, a robust predictor of pogroms in Galicia is strong support for Jewish national rights in Poland, except in Galicia the perpetrators were typically Ukrainian rather than Polish. We also find evidence that pogroms were likely to occur in small market towns, where economic inequalities between Jews and non-Jews would have been more apparent. For Volhynia we find that pogroms were rare where there was popular support for communism.