What a Pain! My Childhood Leg Cramps Are Back

This case report illustrates an example of restless legs syndrome (RLS) with a positive family history and several secondary and exacerbating factors (including iron and vitamin B12 deficiency). RLS is a common yet often overlooked condition for which effective treatment is available. Symptoms can be triggered or exacerbated by common medications such as over-the-counter antihistamines, caffeine, and antidepressant medication. Secondary causes for RLS, including iron deficiency, should be excluded and treated. RLS can be inheritable. Childhood-onset symptoms and the presence of a first-degree relative with symptoms of RLS are suggestive of familial RLS. Symptoms of RLS are effectively managed by correction of secondary causes and medications, including dopamine agonists and certain anticonvulsants.