{"title":"动态萃取法研究PVC玩具中邻苯二甲酸酯向唾液模拟物的迁移","authors":"K. Bouma, D. J. Schakel","doi":"10.1080/02652030210125137","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Soft PVC children's products are usually plasticized with phthalates. As young children suck and chew on toys, they extract and ingest certain quantities of the plasticizers. Some phthalates are suspected to affect the kidneys and liver and cause testicular damage. Therefore, the EC has prohibited the sale of toys and childcare articles intended to be placed in the mouth by children <3 years of age made of soft PVC containing >0.1% by weight of six phthalates (1999/815/EC). The aim was to study the materials and plasticizers used in soft children's products. In February 2001, a market surveillance was performed in The Netherlands and 62 soft toys were sampled. Forty-seven of these toys contained plasticized PVC. Diisononylphthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant plasticizers and were usually found in concentrations between 30 and 45% by weight. One teething ring was made of PVC plasticized with 45% by weight of DINP and was not in compliance with Decision 1999/815/EC. The DINP and DEHP migration was determined in saliva simulant using the ‘Head over Heels’ agitation method. All toys complied with the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (SCTEE) guidance release value of 6.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. The DEHP migration of six toys exceeded the SCTEE guidance release value of 1.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. Substitutes found for phthalates plasticizers are acetyltributylcitrate, tributylcitrate and diisononyladipate. In addition, other plasticizers and additives were found in minor amounts. The toxicity and the migration behaviour of these substances is less known and requires more attention. To ensure the safety of PVC toys, these substances should also be regulated.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"61 1","pages":"602 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"80","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Migration of phthalates from PVC toys into saliva simulant by dynamic extraction\",\"authors\":\"K. Bouma, D. J. Schakel\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/02652030210125137\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Soft PVC children's products are usually plasticized with phthalates. As young children suck and chew on toys, they extract and ingest certain quantities of the plasticizers. Some phthalates are suspected to affect the kidneys and liver and cause testicular damage. Therefore, the EC has prohibited the sale of toys and childcare articles intended to be placed in the mouth by children <3 years of age made of soft PVC containing >0.1% by weight of six phthalates (1999/815/EC). The aim was to study the materials and plasticizers used in soft children's products. In February 2001, a market surveillance was performed in The Netherlands and 62 soft toys were sampled. Forty-seven of these toys contained plasticized PVC. Diisononylphthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant plasticizers and were usually found in concentrations between 30 and 45% by weight. One teething ring was made of PVC plasticized with 45% by weight of DINP and was not in compliance with Decision 1999/815/EC. The DINP and DEHP migration was determined in saliva simulant using the ‘Head over Heels’ agitation method. All toys complied with the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (SCTEE) guidance release value of 6.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. The DEHP migration of six toys exceeded the SCTEE guidance release value of 1.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. Substitutes found for phthalates plasticizers are acetyltributylcitrate, tributylcitrate and diisononyladipate. In addition, other plasticizers and additives were found in minor amounts. The toxicity and the migration behaviour of these substances is less known and requires more attention. 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引用次数: 80
摘要
软PVC儿童制品通常用邻苯二甲酸酯进行增塑剂处理。当幼儿吮吸和咀嚼玩具时,他们会提取并摄入一定量的塑化剂。一些邻苯二甲酸盐被怀疑会影响肾脏和肝脏,并导致睾丸损伤。因此,欧共体禁止销售含六种邻苯二甲酸盐0.1%(按重量计)的儿童玩具和儿童保育用品(1999/815/EC)。目的是研究儿童软性产品中使用的材料和增塑剂。2001年2月,本署在荷兰进行市场监察,抽取了62件软玩具样本。其中47个玩具含有塑化聚氯乙烯。邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)是主要的增塑剂,其浓度通常在30%至45%(重量计)之间。其中一个出牙环由PVC塑化制成,DINP占重量的45%,不符合第1999/815/EC号决议。采用“头过脚跟”搅拌法测定唾液模拟物中DINP和DEHP的迁移。所有玩具均符合毒性、生态毒性和环境科学委员会(SCTEE)的指导释放值6.7 μ g min-1 10 cm-2。6种玩具的DEHP迁移量超过了SCTEE指导释放值1.7µg min-1 10 cm-2。邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂的替代品是乙酰三羧酸酯、三羧酸酯和二异丙酰酸酯。此外,还发现了少量其他增塑剂和添加剂。这些物质的毒性和迁移行为尚不清楚,需要更多的关注。为了确保PVC玩具的安全,这些物质也应该受到监管。
Migration of phthalates from PVC toys into saliva simulant by dynamic extraction
Soft PVC children's products are usually plasticized with phthalates. As young children suck and chew on toys, they extract and ingest certain quantities of the plasticizers. Some phthalates are suspected to affect the kidneys and liver and cause testicular damage. Therefore, the EC has prohibited the sale of toys and childcare articles intended to be placed in the mouth by children <3 years of age made of soft PVC containing >0.1% by weight of six phthalates (1999/815/EC). The aim was to study the materials and plasticizers used in soft children's products. In February 2001, a market surveillance was performed in The Netherlands and 62 soft toys were sampled. Forty-seven of these toys contained plasticized PVC. Diisononylphthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were the predominant plasticizers and were usually found in concentrations between 30 and 45% by weight. One teething ring was made of PVC plasticized with 45% by weight of DINP and was not in compliance with Decision 1999/815/EC. The DINP and DEHP migration was determined in saliva simulant using the ‘Head over Heels’ agitation method. All toys complied with the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (SCTEE) guidance release value of 6.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. The DEHP migration of six toys exceeded the SCTEE guidance release value of 1.7 µg min-1 10 cm-2. Substitutes found for phthalates plasticizers are acetyltributylcitrate, tributylcitrate and diisononyladipate. In addition, other plasticizers and additives were found in minor amounts. The toxicity and the migration behaviour of these substances is less known and requires more attention. To ensure the safety of PVC toys, these substances should also be regulated.