雇主何时及为何(再)聘用超过正常退休年龄的雇员?

IF 2.7 2区 经济学 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR
Orlaith C Tunney, Jaap Oude Mulders
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引用次数: 4

摘要

越来越多的老年人被鼓励在正常退休年龄(NRA)之后继续工作。鉴于雇主通常控制着员工在NRA之外工作的机会,更好地了解他们(再)雇用员工在NRA之外工作的动机、态度和经验是至关重要的。然而,迄今为止,调查NRA以外就业的研究主要集中在员工的观点和经验上。在这项研究中,我们分析了2017年对1214名荷兰雇主的调查数据,以研究工作场所的社会规范、雇主对劳动力老龄化的担忧以及组织结构特征是否与他们是否雇用在职退休人员有关。我们发现,关于在NRA之外工作的工作场所规范、对年轻员工职业机会的关注,以及组织规模、部门、女性和年长员工比例等结构特征,与组织是否雇用NRA之外的员工显著相关。在我们分析的第二个探索性阶段,我们调查了那些以前雇佣过NRA以外的工人的态度和方法。大多数雇主同意,他们主要(重新)雇用具有独特知识或经验的工人在NRA之外工作,员工通常主动延长雇佣期限。对于在全国步枪协会之外工作的员工是否应该接受减薪或阻止其他员工的进步,雇主们的意见更为复杂。从当前研究中获得的见解可以帮助指导未来的研究和政策,以支持更长的工作寿命,从雇员和雇主的角度来看,甚至超过正常的退休年龄。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
When and Why Do Employers (Re)Hire Employees Beyond Normal Retirement Age?
Older workers are increasingly being encouraged to work beyond normal retirement age (NRA). Given that employers generally control opportunities for employees to work beyond NRA, better understanding their motivations, attitudes, and experiences in (re)hiring employees to work beyond NRA is vital. To date, however, research investigating employment beyond NRA has primarily focused on the perspective and experiences of employees. In this study, we analyzed data from a 2017 survey of 1,214 Dutch employers to examine whether workplace social norms, employers’ concerns related to workforce aging, and structural organizational characteristics were related to whether or not they employed working retirees. We found that workplace norms about working beyond NRA, concerns about career opportunities for younger workers, and structural characteristics such as organizational size, sector, and proportion of female and older workers in the organization were significantly associated with whether or not organizations employed workers beyond NRA. In the second, exploratory, phase of our analysis, we investigated attitudes and approaches toward workers beyond NRA among those who had previously employed such workers. Most employers agree that they mainly (re)hire workers with unique knowledge or experience to work beyond NRA and that employees usually take the initiative in prolonging employment. Employers’ opinions on whether employees working beyond NRA should accept a pay cut or block the progress of other employees are more mixed. Insights gained from the current research can help guide future research and policy to support longer working lives, from both employee and employer perspectives, even beyond normal retirement age.
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CiteScore
7.20
自引率
21.60%
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