奥地利考古研究所生物考古学系(ÖAI),奥地利科学院(ÖAW)

IF 0.2 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY
Andreas G Heiss, A. Galik, M. Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, S. Ladstätter
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The department unites researchers in archaeobotany, archaeozoology and biological anthropology under the same roof, and is embedded into the research infrastructure of the country’s largest non-university research institution. IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 168 disciplinary and methodological borders. Aside from the positive effects on communication and cooperation between the Department for Bioarchaeology and all historical-cultural units of the institute, synergies with the Department for Restoration and Conservation have proven to be extremely beneficial, due to the exchange of ideas, the possibility of supporting bioarchaeological work and archiving with the latest material knowledge, and the general optimization of workflows. This fact ensures a high degree of efficiency in the development and implementation of bioarchaeological and prehistorical and historical research aspects and strategies. Cross-disciplinary collaborations within the institute have led to rather unexpected and extremely useful outcomes, one of them being the generation of photogrammetric models of charred organic food remains (Heiss et al., 2019b; 2019c). The Department for Bioarchaeology encompasses three Research Groups (RG): RG Anthropology and Necropoleis, RG Archaeozoology, and RG Archaeobotany. In contrast to other institutions, the department is decidedly not intended as a mere biosciences service centre (or “Core Facility” as termed in Austrian academia). Quite the contrary, aside from the close integration into the ÖAI’s excavations with a focus on classical archaeology, the department’s three research groups have their own distinct diachronic and interdisciplinary research agendas. While there is more information on the ÖAI website regarding the research groups (see below for links), we will present some of the research underway at the Department for Bioarchaeology by geographical area. 3. Geographical areas of research 3.1 Central Europe A major highlight is the role of the ÖAI in the joint efforts to reinstate the Austrian research of prehistoric lakeshore settlements (UNESCO World Heritage “Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps”), fostered and directed by the Kuratorium Pfahlbauten and the Federal Museum of Upper Austria (Heiss and Jakobitsch, 2018). Within the framework of the projects “Zeitensprung” and “Beyond Lake Villages” (FWF I-1693), plant remains from underwater excavations and hinterland settlements are being analysed, with the goal of reconstructing settlement activity, economy, nutrition, and land use patterns of the Neolithic settlers (Jakobitsch et al., 2019a). This research is being complemented by the investigation of late Neolithic food remains from Austrian, Swiss and southwest German lakeshore settlements (Heiss, 2017b; Heiss et al., 2017a; Heiss et al., submitted), and extensive studies into Neolithic fishing economies of the same region (Galik, 2009). The latter has been a desideratum for a long time as evidence for prehistoric fishing is still rare, and new data are dearly needed (Galik, 1999; 2008a; 2008b; 2013; Galik et al., 2015; Galik and Küchelmann, 2008; Galik et al., 2011; Haidvogl et al., 2013; Ilon et al., 2017; Yurtseva et al., 2013; Yurtseva et al., 2015). A project which has recently started, combines archaeobotanical, archaeoichthyological and palaeohygienic research in the investigation of dog faeces from pile dwellings in the Neolithic pile dwelling settlements Črnelnik and Stare gmajne in the Slovenian Ljubljansko barje, highlighting the role of fish in domestic dogs’ diet (Tolar and Galik, 2019). The history of fisheries and fishing generally marks a strong research interest in A. Galik’s work. It is a topic that is heavily influenced by methodological choices, as the usually very small fishbones are regularly overlooked when only handpicking is applied in excavations instead of dryor wetsieving of sediment samples (Bartosiewicz, 1988; De Cupere et al., 1995; Schmölcke and Heinrich, 2006). As a local research starting point, historical fishing and exploitation behaviour in Austria and other countries can be defined, but the limits are not set to historical areas. Research initiatives into these materials are also being made in all other areas of activity of the ÖAI. The Bronze Age settlement in Drasenhofen, Northern Lower Austria, has been recently published (Galik et al., 2019). Incorporated into this was an archaeozoological analysis which demonstrated that animal protein was certainly supplied to the local populace through the slaughtering of domesticated animals, with cattle, sheep and goat the most important. While hunting was obviously less important, exploitation of aquatic resources is evidenced by the presence of fish remains and various freshwater mussel species. It was particularly interesting to observe the frequent presence of so-called “sledge runners”, which are worked animal bones, mainly made of the radii of various mammalian species. Dietary habits, resource management, and spatial organisation of industrial processes are currently under investigation at the Late Bronze Age mining site of Prigglitz-Gasteil in Lower Austria (FWF P 30289). The Department of Bioarchaeology is mainly involved in the investigation of the procurement strategies for timber, fuel wood, and food (Jakobitsch et al., 2019b; Trebsche et al., 2019; Wiesinger et al., 2019). The large La Tène period lowland settlement of Haselbach is part of the research focus of a long-term research project directed by S. Fichtl (Université de Strasbourg) and P. Trebsche (University of Innsbruck). RG Archaeobotany is involved in the analysis and evaluation of the high resolution microstratigraphical and archaeobotanical sampling (Heiss and Wiesinger, 2018b), and is aimed at elucidating local agricultural economy, and its spatial organisation. Our anthropological research has begun to contribute to the archaeology of the eastern Alpine region, where it was, until now, rare for cemeteries to be comprehensively studied. The project “Life in times of change”, financed by a Hertha-Firnberg scholarship of the FWF, awarded to M. Binder, is dedicated to research on the living conditions in the Eastern Alps at the transition between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages (5th/6th century AD), based on the human skeletal remains from the two neighbouring cemeteries of Hemmaberg and Globasnitz in southern Carinthia. Recording of the osteobiographical data is being carried out by M. Srienc, along with several students in the bioarchaeological IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 169 research laboratory of the ÖAI. In correlation to this project, excavations which are being conducted by the ÖAI at Jaunstein/Podjuna in southern Carinthia, are adding to the human skeletal evidence for life and lifeways in the Eastern Alps. The anthropological analysis of the skeletal material from this site will be directly comparable to that from Globasnitz and Hemmaberg, and will form a portion of the PhD research of M. Srienc. In an associated project, the unknown saint excavated at Hemmaberg in 1992, whose skeleton is in a reliquary shrine below the altar of one of the churches of the pilgrimage shrine, was also investigated in a multidisciplinary project. This has now been published in a book (Binder and Ladstätter, 2018). In co-operation with project leader J. Eitler, the project “Cult continuity at the summit of the Hemmaberg” (FWF – 29452-G25) started 2017, and follows the research tradition of the Institute, but also incorporates significant bioarchaeological research to understanding this complex, multi-period site (Binder et al., 2016; Forstenpointner and Gernot, 1999; Gaggl, 1996; Galik et al., 2018; Heiss, 2018). This integrated research has acquired a unique position in Austria, with a close co-operation with the Federal Monuments Office, as well as with regional museums, and has provided a wealth of new information on this site, from the Bronze Age through the Medieval period. In addition to these site-specific research projects, a joint project between the University of Warsaw and the ÖAI is being developed, which aims to understand the connection between the Roman road system and early medieval migration. In another “cult project”, the investigation of archaeozoological finds from a Mithras cave at Gradišče, Figure 1. Biological anthropologist M. Srienc. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail. Figure 2. Archaeozoologist A. Galik. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 170 near St. Egyden, started in 2017 in cooperation with P. Gleirscher (Federal Museum of Carinthia) and C. Hinker (ÖAW-ÖAI). Both the archaeological finds and the archaeozoological remains make the interpretation of the site as a Mithras sanctuary highly","PeriodicalId":38054,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)\",\"authors\":\"Andreas G Heiss, A. Galik, M. Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, S. Ladstätter\",\"doi\":\"10.24916/iansa.2019.2.6\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Bioarchaeological research in Austria has largely been characterised by the lack of institutionalisation for nearly a century. In contrast to the long tradition of biological anthropology research facilities, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological positions only became established in a period from the 1970s till the early 1990s. Forming a cornerstone of the Austrian Archaeological Institute’s integration process into the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the establishment of ÖAI’s Department for Bioarchaeology in 2016 marks the first time in 40 years that such a bioarchaeological research unit has been successfully established as new. The department unites researchers in archaeobotany, archaeozoology and biological anthropology under the same roof, and is embedded into the research infrastructure of the country’s largest non-university research institution. IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 168 disciplinary and methodological borders. Aside from the positive effects on communication and cooperation between the Department for Bioarchaeology and all historical-cultural units of the institute, synergies with the Department for Restoration and Conservation have proven to be extremely beneficial, due to the exchange of ideas, the possibility of supporting bioarchaeological work and archiving with the latest material knowledge, and the general optimization of workflows. This fact ensures a high degree of efficiency in the development and implementation of bioarchaeological and prehistorical and historical research aspects and strategies. Cross-disciplinary collaborations within the institute have led to rather unexpected and extremely useful outcomes, one of them being the generation of photogrammetric models of charred organic food remains (Heiss et al., 2019b; 2019c). The Department for Bioarchaeology encompasses three Research Groups (RG): RG Anthropology and Necropoleis, RG Archaeozoology, and RG Archaeobotany. In contrast to other institutions, the department is decidedly not intended as a mere biosciences service centre (or “Core Facility” as termed in Austrian academia). Quite the contrary, aside from the close integration into the ÖAI’s excavations with a focus on classical archaeology, the department’s three research groups have their own distinct diachronic and interdisciplinary research agendas. While there is more information on the ÖAI website regarding the research groups (see below for links), we will present some of the research underway at the Department for Bioarchaeology by geographical area. 3. Geographical areas of research 3.1 Central Europe A major highlight is the role of the ÖAI in the joint efforts to reinstate the Austrian research of prehistoric lakeshore settlements (UNESCO World Heritage “Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps”), fostered and directed by the Kuratorium Pfahlbauten and the Federal Museum of Upper Austria (Heiss and Jakobitsch, 2018). Within the framework of the projects “Zeitensprung” and “Beyond Lake Villages” (FWF I-1693), plant remains from underwater excavations and hinterland settlements are being analysed, with the goal of reconstructing settlement activity, economy, nutrition, and land use patterns of the Neolithic settlers (Jakobitsch et al., 2019a). This research is being complemented by the investigation of late Neolithic food remains from Austrian, Swiss and southwest German lakeshore settlements (Heiss, 2017b; Heiss et al., 2017a; Heiss et al., submitted), and extensive studies into Neolithic fishing economies of the same region (Galik, 2009). The latter has been a desideratum for a long time as evidence for prehistoric fishing is still rare, and new data are dearly needed (Galik, 1999; 2008a; 2008b; 2013; Galik et al., 2015; Galik and Küchelmann, 2008; Galik et al., 2011; Haidvogl et al., 2013; Ilon et al., 2017; Yurtseva et al., 2013; Yurtseva et al., 2015). A project which has recently started, combines archaeobotanical, archaeoichthyological and palaeohygienic research in the investigation of dog faeces from pile dwellings in the Neolithic pile dwelling settlements Črnelnik and Stare gmajne in the Slovenian Ljubljansko barje, highlighting the role of fish in domestic dogs’ diet (Tolar and Galik, 2019). The history of fisheries and fishing generally marks a strong research interest in A. Galik’s work. It is a topic that is heavily influenced by methodological choices, as the usually very small fishbones are regularly overlooked when only handpicking is applied in excavations instead of dryor wetsieving of sediment samples (Bartosiewicz, 1988; De Cupere et al., 1995; Schmölcke and Heinrich, 2006). As a local research starting point, historical fishing and exploitation behaviour in Austria and other countries can be defined, but the limits are not set to historical areas. Research initiatives into these materials are also being made in all other areas of activity of the ÖAI. The Bronze Age settlement in Drasenhofen, Northern Lower Austria, has been recently published (Galik et al., 2019). Incorporated into this was an archaeozoological analysis which demonstrated that animal protein was certainly supplied to the local populace through the slaughtering of domesticated animals, with cattle, sheep and goat the most important. While hunting was obviously less important, exploitation of aquatic resources is evidenced by the presence of fish remains and various freshwater mussel species. It was particularly interesting to observe the frequent presence of so-called “sledge runners”, which are worked animal bones, mainly made of the radii of various mammalian species. Dietary habits, resource management, and spatial organisation of industrial processes are currently under investigation at the Late Bronze Age mining site of Prigglitz-Gasteil in Lower Austria (FWF P 30289). The Department of Bioarchaeology is mainly involved in the investigation of the procurement strategies for timber, fuel wood, and food (Jakobitsch et al., 2019b; Trebsche et al., 2019; Wiesinger et al., 2019). The large La Tène period lowland settlement of Haselbach is part of the research focus of a long-term research project directed by S. Fichtl (Université de Strasbourg) and P. Trebsche (University of Innsbruck). RG Archaeobotany is involved in the analysis and evaluation of the high resolution microstratigraphical and archaeobotanical sampling (Heiss and Wiesinger, 2018b), and is aimed at elucidating local agricultural economy, and its spatial organisation. Our anthropological research has begun to contribute to the archaeology of the eastern Alpine region, where it was, until now, rare for cemeteries to be comprehensively studied. The project “Life in times of change”, financed by a Hertha-Firnberg scholarship of the FWF, awarded to M. Binder, is dedicated to research on the living conditions in the Eastern Alps at the transition between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages (5th/6th century AD), based on the human skeletal remains from the two neighbouring cemeteries of Hemmaberg and Globasnitz in southern Carinthia. Recording of the osteobiographical data is being carried out by M. Srienc, along with several students in the bioarchaeological IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 169 research laboratory of the ÖAI. In correlation to this project, excavations which are being conducted by the ÖAI at Jaunstein/Podjuna in southern Carinthia, are adding to the human skeletal evidence for life and lifeways in the Eastern Alps. The anthropological analysis of the skeletal material from this site will be directly comparable to that from Globasnitz and Hemmaberg, and will form a portion of the PhD research of M. Srienc. In an associated project, the unknown saint excavated at Hemmaberg in 1992, whose skeleton is in a reliquary shrine below the altar of one of the churches of the pilgrimage shrine, was also investigated in a multidisciplinary project. This has now been published in a book (Binder and Ladstätter, 2018). In co-operation with project leader J. Eitler, the project “Cult continuity at the summit of the Hemmaberg” (FWF – 29452-G25) started 2017, and follows the research tradition of the Institute, but also incorporates significant bioarchaeological research to understanding this complex, multi-period site (Binder et al., 2016; Forstenpointner and Gernot, 1999; Gaggl, 1996; Galik et al., 2018; Heiss, 2018). This integrated research has acquired a unique position in Austria, with a close co-operation with the Federal Monuments Office, as well as with regional museums, and has provided a wealth of new information on this site, from the Bronze Age through the Medieval period. In addition to these site-specific research projects, a joint project between the University of Warsaw and the ÖAI is being developed, which aims to understand the connection between the Roman road system and early medieval migration. In another “cult project”, the investigation of archaeozoological finds from a Mithras cave at Gradišče, Figure 1. Biological anthropologist M. Srienc. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail. Figure 2. Archaeozoologist A. Galik. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 170 near St. Egyden, started in 2017 in cooperation with P. Gleirscher (Federal Museum of Carinthia) and C. Hinker (ÖAW-ÖAI). 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引用次数: 1

摘要

近一个世纪以来,奥地利的生物考古研究在很大程度上以缺乏制度化为特征。与生物人类学研究设施的悠久传统相比,考古植物学和考古职位只是在20世纪70年代至90年代初才建立起来的。作为奥地利考古研究所融入奥地利科学院进程的基石,2016年建立的ÖAI生物考古部门标志着40年来第一次成功建立这样一个新的生物考古研究单位。该部门将考古植物学、考古动物学和生物人类学的研究人员聚集在同一个屋檐下,并嵌入到该国最大的非大学研究机构的研究基础设施中。IANSA 2019●X/2●167-175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter:奥地利考古研究所生物考古学系(ÖAI),奥地利科学院(ÖAW) 168学科和方法边界。除了对生物考古部与研究所所有历史文化单位之间的交流与合作产生积极影响外,由于思想交流,支持生物考古工作和最新材料知识存档的可能性以及工作流程的总体优化,与恢复和保护部的协同作用已被证明是非常有益的。这一事实确保了生物考古、史前和历史研究方面和战略的发展和实施的高度效率。该研究所的跨学科合作产生了意想不到的、非常有用的成果,其中之一是烧焦有机食品残留物的摄影测量模型的生成(Heiss等人,2019b;2019 c)。生物考古部门包括三个研究小组(RG): RG人类学和墓地,RG考古动物学和RG考古植物学。与其他机构相比,该部门显然不打算仅仅作为生物科学服务中心(或奥地利学术界称为“核心设施”)。恰恰相反,除了与ÖAI的发掘紧密结合,以古典考古学为重点,该系的三个研究小组有自己独特的历时性和跨学科的研究议程。虽然在ÖAI网站上有更多关于研究小组的信息(见下面的链接),但我们将按地理区域介绍生物考古部门正在进行的一些研究。3.一个主要亮点是ÖAI在恢复奥地利史前湖岸定居点研究(联合国教科文组织世界遗产“阿尔卑斯山周围的史前堆屋”)的共同努力中的作用,由Pfahlbauten博物馆和上奥地利联邦博物馆促进和指导(Heiss和Jakobitsch, 2018)。在“Zeitensprung”和“Beyond Lake Villages”(FWF I-1693)项目的框架内,正在分析水下挖掘和腹地定居点的植物遗骸,目的是重建新石器时代定居者的定居活动、经济、营养和土地利用模式(Jakobitsch等人,2019a)。这项研究还得到了对奥地利、瑞士和德国西南部湖岸定居点新石器时代晚期食物遗迹的调查的补充(Heiss, 2017b;Heiss等人,2017a;Heiss等人,提交),以及对同一地区新石器时代渔业经济的广泛研究(Galik, 2009)。后者长期以来一直是人们所渴望的,因为史前捕鱼的证据仍然很少,迫切需要新的数据(Galik, 1999;2008年;2008 b;2013;Galik et al., 2015;Galik and k<e:1> chelmann, 2008;Galik et al., 2011;Haidvogl等,2013;Ilon等人,2017;Yurtseva et al., 2013;Yurtseva et al., 2015)。最近启动的一个项目将考古植物学、考古鱼类学和古卫生学研究结合起来,对斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅斯科巴耶河(Ljubljansko barje) Črnelnik和Stare gmajne新石器时代堆居点堆屋的狗粪便进行调查,突出了鱼在家养狗饮食中的作用(Tolar和Galik, 2019)。渔业和捕鱼的历史通常标志着对a . Galik工作的强烈研究兴趣。这是一个深受方法选择影响的主题,因为在挖掘中只使用手工挑选而不是干燥湿筛沉淀物样本时,通常非常小的鱼骨经常被忽略(Bartosiewicz, 1988;De Cupere et al., 1995;Schmölcke and Heinrich, 2006)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW)
Bioarchaeological research in Austria has largely been characterised by the lack of institutionalisation for nearly a century. In contrast to the long tradition of biological anthropology research facilities, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological positions only became established in a period from the 1970s till the early 1990s. Forming a cornerstone of the Austrian Archaeological Institute’s integration process into the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the establishment of ÖAI’s Department for Bioarchaeology in 2016 marks the first time in 40 years that such a bioarchaeological research unit has been successfully established as new. The department unites researchers in archaeobotany, archaeozoology and biological anthropology under the same roof, and is embedded into the research infrastructure of the country’s largest non-university research institution. IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 168 disciplinary and methodological borders. Aside from the positive effects on communication and cooperation between the Department for Bioarchaeology and all historical-cultural units of the institute, synergies with the Department for Restoration and Conservation have proven to be extremely beneficial, due to the exchange of ideas, the possibility of supporting bioarchaeological work and archiving with the latest material knowledge, and the general optimization of workflows. This fact ensures a high degree of efficiency in the development and implementation of bioarchaeological and prehistorical and historical research aspects and strategies. Cross-disciplinary collaborations within the institute have led to rather unexpected and extremely useful outcomes, one of them being the generation of photogrammetric models of charred organic food remains (Heiss et al., 2019b; 2019c). The Department for Bioarchaeology encompasses three Research Groups (RG): RG Anthropology and Necropoleis, RG Archaeozoology, and RG Archaeobotany. In contrast to other institutions, the department is decidedly not intended as a mere biosciences service centre (or “Core Facility” as termed in Austrian academia). Quite the contrary, aside from the close integration into the ÖAI’s excavations with a focus on classical archaeology, the department’s three research groups have their own distinct diachronic and interdisciplinary research agendas. While there is more information on the ÖAI website regarding the research groups (see below for links), we will present some of the research underway at the Department for Bioarchaeology by geographical area. 3. Geographical areas of research 3.1 Central Europe A major highlight is the role of the ÖAI in the joint efforts to reinstate the Austrian research of prehistoric lakeshore settlements (UNESCO World Heritage “Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps”), fostered and directed by the Kuratorium Pfahlbauten and the Federal Museum of Upper Austria (Heiss and Jakobitsch, 2018). Within the framework of the projects “Zeitensprung” and “Beyond Lake Villages” (FWF I-1693), plant remains from underwater excavations and hinterland settlements are being analysed, with the goal of reconstructing settlement activity, economy, nutrition, and land use patterns of the Neolithic settlers (Jakobitsch et al., 2019a). This research is being complemented by the investigation of late Neolithic food remains from Austrian, Swiss and southwest German lakeshore settlements (Heiss, 2017b; Heiss et al., 2017a; Heiss et al., submitted), and extensive studies into Neolithic fishing economies of the same region (Galik, 2009). The latter has been a desideratum for a long time as evidence for prehistoric fishing is still rare, and new data are dearly needed (Galik, 1999; 2008a; 2008b; 2013; Galik et al., 2015; Galik and Küchelmann, 2008; Galik et al., 2011; Haidvogl et al., 2013; Ilon et al., 2017; Yurtseva et al., 2013; Yurtseva et al., 2015). A project which has recently started, combines archaeobotanical, archaeoichthyological and palaeohygienic research in the investigation of dog faeces from pile dwellings in the Neolithic pile dwelling settlements Črnelnik and Stare gmajne in the Slovenian Ljubljansko barje, highlighting the role of fish in domestic dogs’ diet (Tolar and Galik, 2019). The history of fisheries and fishing generally marks a strong research interest in A. Galik’s work. It is a topic that is heavily influenced by methodological choices, as the usually very small fishbones are regularly overlooked when only handpicking is applied in excavations instead of dryor wetsieving of sediment samples (Bartosiewicz, 1988; De Cupere et al., 1995; Schmölcke and Heinrich, 2006). As a local research starting point, historical fishing and exploitation behaviour in Austria and other countries can be defined, but the limits are not set to historical areas. Research initiatives into these materials are also being made in all other areas of activity of the ÖAI. The Bronze Age settlement in Drasenhofen, Northern Lower Austria, has been recently published (Galik et al., 2019). Incorporated into this was an archaeozoological analysis which demonstrated that animal protein was certainly supplied to the local populace through the slaughtering of domesticated animals, with cattle, sheep and goat the most important. While hunting was obviously less important, exploitation of aquatic resources is evidenced by the presence of fish remains and various freshwater mussel species. It was particularly interesting to observe the frequent presence of so-called “sledge runners”, which are worked animal bones, mainly made of the radii of various mammalian species. Dietary habits, resource management, and spatial organisation of industrial processes are currently under investigation at the Late Bronze Age mining site of Prigglitz-Gasteil in Lower Austria (FWF P 30289). The Department of Bioarchaeology is mainly involved in the investigation of the procurement strategies for timber, fuel wood, and food (Jakobitsch et al., 2019b; Trebsche et al., 2019; Wiesinger et al., 2019). The large La Tène period lowland settlement of Haselbach is part of the research focus of a long-term research project directed by S. Fichtl (Université de Strasbourg) and P. Trebsche (University of Innsbruck). RG Archaeobotany is involved in the analysis and evaluation of the high resolution microstratigraphical and archaeobotanical sampling (Heiss and Wiesinger, 2018b), and is aimed at elucidating local agricultural economy, and its spatial organisation. Our anthropological research has begun to contribute to the archaeology of the eastern Alpine region, where it was, until now, rare for cemeteries to be comprehensively studied. The project “Life in times of change”, financed by a Hertha-Firnberg scholarship of the FWF, awarded to M. Binder, is dedicated to research on the living conditions in the Eastern Alps at the transition between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages (5th/6th century AD), based on the human skeletal remains from the two neighbouring cemeteries of Hemmaberg and Globasnitz in southern Carinthia. Recording of the osteobiographical data is being carried out by M. Srienc, along with several students in the bioarchaeological IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 169 research laboratory of the ÖAI. In correlation to this project, excavations which are being conducted by the ÖAI at Jaunstein/Podjuna in southern Carinthia, are adding to the human skeletal evidence for life and lifeways in the Eastern Alps. The anthropological analysis of the skeletal material from this site will be directly comparable to that from Globasnitz and Hemmaberg, and will form a portion of the PhD research of M. Srienc. In an associated project, the unknown saint excavated at Hemmaberg in 1992, whose skeleton is in a reliquary shrine below the altar of one of the churches of the pilgrimage shrine, was also investigated in a multidisciplinary project. This has now been published in a book (Binder and Ladstätter, 2018). In co-operation with project leader J. Eitler, the project “Cult continuity at the summit of the Hemmaberg” (FWF – 29452-G25) started 2017, and follows the research tradition of the Institute, but also incorporates significant bioarchaeological research to understanding this complex, multi-period site (Binder et al., 2016; Forstenpointner and Gernot, 1999; Gaggl, 1996; Galik et al., 2018; Heiss, 2018). This integrated research has acquired a unique position in Austria, with a close co-operation with the Federal Monuments Office, as well as with regional museums, and has provided a wealth of new information on this site, from the Bronze Age through the Medieval period. In addition to these site-specific research projects, a joint project between the University of Warsaw and the ÖAI is being developed, which aims to understand the connection between the Roman road system and early medieval migration. In another “cult project”, the investigation of archaeozoological finds from a Mithras cave at Gradišče, Figure 1. Biological anthropologist M. Srienc. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail. Figure 2. Archaeozoologist A. Galik. Image: ÖAW-ÖAI/N. Gail IANSA 2019 ● X/2 ● 167–175 Andreas G. Heiss, Alfred Galik, Michelle Gamble, Magdalena Srienc, Sabine Ladstätter: The Department for Bioarchaeology at the Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) 170 near St. Egyden, started in 2017 in cooperation with P. Gleirscher (Federal Museum of Carinthia) and C. Hinker (ÖAW-ÖAI). Both the archaeological finds and the archaeozoological remains make the interpretation of the site as a Mithras sanctuary highly
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来源期刊
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)
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