QCD临界点的非平衡搜索

Travis Dore, J. Noronha-Hostler, E. McLaughlin
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引用次数: 20

摘要

相对论性重离子碰撞的初始条件可能远非平衡状态(即剪切应力张量和体压力有很大的初始贡献),但预计在很短的时间尺度上,动力学收敛于定义流体动力学行为的通用吸引子。到目前为止,这种性质的研究只考虑了LHC能量下的理想情况(高温$T$和消失的重子化学势$\mu_B=0$),但是,在这项工作中,我们首次研究了远离平衡效应如何影响实验驱动的RHIC量子色动力学临界点的搜索。我们发现到达临界点的路径受到远离平衡初始条件的严重影响,其中粘性效应通过QCD相图导致了显著不同的$\left\{T,\mu_B\right\}$轨迹。我们比较了DNMR和现象学以色列-斯图尔特运动方程在有限$\mu_B$下剪切和体积耦合在一起的流体动力方程,并讨论了它们在有限$\mu_B$下对潜在吸引子及其相应的$\left\{T,\mu_B\right\}$轨迹的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Far-from-equilibrium search for the QCD critical point
Initial conditions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions may be far from equilibrium (i.e. there are large initial contributions from the shear stress tensor and bulk pressure) but it is expected that on very short time scales the dynamics converge to a universal attractor that defines hydrodynamic behavior. Thus far, studies of this nature have only considered an idealized situation at LHC energies (high temperatures $T$ and vanishing baryon chemical potential $\mu_B=0$) but, in this work, we investigate for the first time how far-from-equilibrium effects may influence experimentally driven searches for the Quantum Chromodynamic critical point at RHIC. We find that the path to the critical point is heavily influenced by far from equilibrium initial conditions where viscous effects lead to dramatically different $\left\{T,\mu_B\right\}$ trajectories through the QCD phase diagram. We compare hydrodynamic equations of motion with shear and bulk coupled together at finite $\mu_B$ for both DNMR and phenomenological Israel-Stewart equations of motion and discuss their influence on potential attractors at finite $\mu_B$ and their corresponding $\left\{T,\mu_B\right\}$ trajectories.
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