高效节能的高摆幅PAM-4电压模式发射机

Lejie Lu, Yong Wang, Hui Wu
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引用次数: 3

摘要

随着高速I/ o数据速率的不断提高,采用四电平脉冲幅度调制(PAM-4)来提高50 Gb/s及以上的带宽密度和链路余量。然而,与非归零(NRZ)信号相比,PAM-4眼高度降低,这需要更大的发射机摆动来保持信噪比。提出了一种新型的高效节能发射机,该发射机采用级联码电压模式驱动,并支持前置驱动和逻辑电路,产生大摆幅PAM-4信号。通过根据传输数据重新配置上拉和下拉支路并控制旁路电流,与传统实现相比,所提出的电压模式驱动器在保持阻抗匹配的同时显著降低了功耗。前置驱动器采用电压叠加技术,进一步提高了能效。为了演示新的发射机设计,采用通用的28纳米CMOS技术设计了一个56 Gb/s的PAM-4发射机原型,电源电压为2 v。它实现了2 V的总输出摆幅和490 mV的最小眼高,具有良好的线性度(98.7%的电平分离失配比)。与具有相同摆幅的传统电压模式发射机设计相比,新型发射机的静态功耗降低了近一半(从30 mW降至16 mW),其整体能源效率从0.7 pJ/b提高到0.5 pJ/b。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An Energy-Efficient High-Swing PAM-4 Voltage-Mode Transmitter
As the data rate of high-speed I/Os continues to increase, four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is adopted to improve the bandwidth density and link margin at 50 Gb/s and beyond. Compared to non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling, however, the PAM-4 eye height is reduced, which calls for larger transmitter swing to maintain signal-to-noise-ratio. A new energy-efficient transmitter is proposed to generate large swing PAM-4 signals with a cascode voltage-mode driver and supporting pre-drivers and logic circuits. By reconfiguring the pull-up and pull-down branches based on the transmit data and steering the bypass currents, the proposed voltage-mode driver significantly reduces power consumption compared to conventional implementation while maintaining impedance matching. Voltage stacking technique is adopted for pre-drivers to further improve energy efficiency. To demonstrate the new transmitter design, a prototype 56 Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter is designed using a generic 28-nm CMOS technology with a 2-V power supply voltage. It achieves a overall output swing of 2 V and a minimum eye height of 490 mV with good linearity (98.7% level separation mismatch ratio). Compared to a conventional voltage-mode transmitter design with the same swing, the static power consumption of the new transmitter is reduced almost by half (from 30 mW to 16 mW), and its overall energy efficiency improves from 0.7 pJ/b to 0.5 pJ/b.
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