Blur vs. Block: Investigating the Effectiveness of Privacy-Enhancing Obfuscation for Images

Computer vision can lead to privacy issues such as unauthorized disclosure of private information and identity theft, but it may also be used to preserve user privacy. For example, using computer vision, we may be able to identify sensitive elements of an image and obfuscate those elements thereby protecting private information or identity. However, there is a lack of research investigating the effectiveness of applying obfuscation techniques to parts of images as a privacy enhancing technology. In particular, we know very little about how well obfuscation works for human viewers or users' attitudes towards using these mechanisms. In this paper, we report results from an online experiment with 53 participants that investigates the effectiveness two exemplar obfuscation techniques: "blurring" and "blocking", and explores users' perceptions of these obfuscations in terms of image satisfaction, information sufficiency, enjoyment, and social presence. Results show that although "blocking" is more effective at de-identification compared to "blurring" or leaving the image "as is", users' attitudes towards "blocking" are the most negative, which creates a conflict between privacy protection and users' experience. Future work should explore alternative obfuscation techniques that could protect users' privacy and also provide a good viewing experience.