花生黑穗病抗性种质的鉴定

K. Chamberlin, J. Baldessari, R. Bennett, J. Clevenger, C. Holbrook, S. Tallury, Y. Chu, P. Ozias‐Akins, M. B. Conde, M. Payton
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引用次数: 1

摘要

花生黑穗病是由冷冻咖啡虫引起的,是对全球花生生产的新威胁。黑穗病在阿根廷所有花生种植区都存在,可导致产量大幅下降。虽然花生黑穗病尚未在南美洲以外地区报告,但必须立即采取积极措施,使全球花生生产不会受到威胁。花生黑穗病抗性预防性育种的第一步是确定抗性来源。因此,本研究的目的是鉴定对冷冻黑穗病具有抗性的种质资源,并将其纳入适合美国花生产区的抗黑穗病品种中。在这项研究中,花生基因型,包括从美国农业部种质收集的单种子遗传纯化的材料,花生育种系和美国品种,进行抗性筛选。在阿根廷Córdoba省的冻僵僵虫高发的试验田种植了试验作物。出于筛查目的,如果条目的疾病发病率得分在10%或以下,则保留以供将来测试。在2017-2020年生长季节测试的条目中,注意到花生黑穗病抗性的潜在新来源。8个美国农业部花生小核品种被鉴定为免疫,3年内的发病率为0%。这些品种正被用于将抗黑穗病的品种纳入适合美国所有生长区域生产的品种中
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Identification of Germplasm Resistant to Peanut Smut
Peanut smut, caused by Thecaphora frezzii, is an emerging threat to global peanut production. Found in 100% of Argentinian peanut growing regions, smut infestation can result in substantial yield reductions. Although peanut smut has not been reported outside of South America, immediate proactive measures must be taken so that global peanut production will not be threatened. The first step in preventative breeding for resistance to peanut smut is to identify sources of resistance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify germplasm resistant to T. frezzii that can be used to incorporate smut resistance into cultivars optimized for U.S. peanut production areas. In this study, peanut genotypes, including accessions from the USDA germplasm collection that were purified by single-seed descent, peanut breeding lines, and U.S. cultivars, were screened for resistance. Trials were planted in test plots highly infested with T. frezzii in Córdoba Province, Argentina. For screening purposes, entries were retained for future testing if they scored 10% or less disease incidence. Among the entries tested in the 2017-2020 growing seasons, potential new sources of peanut smut resistance were noted. Eight USDA peanut mini-core accessions were identified as immune, demonstrating 0% incidence for three years. These accessions are being used to incorporate smut resistance into cultivars suitable for production in all growing regions of the U.S.
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