表观遗传表达是否有助于肥胖表型的发展?

Orien L Tulp, Aftab Awan, Nasheria Lewis, George P Einstein
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引用次数: 2

摘要

人类肥胖是由于长期的热量不平衡造成的,在几个月到几年的时间里,能量摄入超过了能量消耗。据推测,这是环境因素和遗传因素之间复杂相互作用的结果,尽管寻找哪些特定的代谢因素或基因持续存在一直具有挑战性,而且仍然不完整。尽管常见形式的肥胖具有相对较高的遗传性,占肥胖人群的40%至70%,但确定的遗传或表观遗传致肥变异的识别和构象在激活时可能导致体重增加的易感性,这一点很难得到证实。在美国,肥胖、超重的发病率及其与高血压的密切关系,在近代西方文化和社会中,即使不是流行病,也正在以惊人的比例增加。尽管在营养知识和实践、药物治疗管理和生活方式改变方面取得了显著进步,但现在约有三分之一的美国人口超重,由此导致的超重和肥胖状况的医疗管理成本的预测增加及其通常相关的病理生理后遗症正在成为公共卫生和医学界的负担。大多数人的肥胖通常在几个月到几年的时间内逐渐发展,但在最常见的肥胖遗传模型中,肥胖的发病速度更快,通常伴随着常染色体隐性遗传特征的表达。在人类中,普通肥胖通常归因于不完全定义的遗传相关特征和环境因素的结合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Can epigenetic expression contribute to the development of an obese phenotype?
Human obesity results from prolonged caloric imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a period of months to years. It is presumed to occur as a consequence of complex interactions between environmental and heritable factors, although the search for which specific metabolic factors or genes persist has been challenging and remains incomplete. Despite a relatively high heritability of common forms of obesity which represents between 40 to 70 % of the obese population, the identification and conformation of definitive genetic or epigenetic obesogenic variants that when activated may contribute to a susceptibility for excess weight gain have been difficult to confirm. The incidence of obesity, overweight conditions, and their close association with hypertension in the US is increasing at alarming if not epidemic proportions throughout much of Western culture and society in recent history. Despite marked advances in nutrition knowledge and practice, pharmacotherapeutic management, and life-style modifications, approximately one third of the US population is now overweight, and the resulting predicted increases in the cost of medical management of overweight and obese conditions and their commonly associated pathophysiologic sequalae are becoming burdensome to public health and to the medical community. The development of obesity in most humans typically develops gradually over a duration of months to years but occurs more rapidly in onset in most commonly studied genetic models of obesity, where it usually follows the expression of an autosomal recessive genetic trait. In humans garden variety obesity is typically attributed to a combination of incompletely defined genetically linked traits and environmental factors.
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