Comparison of APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA Scoring Systems as Predictors of Mortality in ICU Patients

Objective: The comparison of the APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA scoring systems as predictors of mortality in ICU patients. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Intensive care unit of Ch. Pervaiz Ellahi Institute of Cardiology and  Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, from May 13, 2018 to September 24, 2018. Methodology: For 36 patients included in study, results for APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA were calculated with the worst values recorded. At the end of ICU stay, patient outcome was labelled as survivors and non-survivors. Data was analyzed with SPSS v.23. Descriptive data was stated as median (minimum-maximum) or percentages. Pearson Chi square test and non-parametric statistics were applied accordingly. Linear regression analysis was also performed. Cut off value for statistical significance was taken as ≤0.05. Results: Of 36 patients, 22 survived and 14 died after being observed for 12 (2-17) days. On linear regression analysis, all the scoring systems were significantly associated with the mortality rates (p<0.05). However, after adjustment, only the APACHE II was a significant predictor of mortality (p<0.001). APACHE II scoring system calculated highest estimated mortality rates i.e.  19.3%, while SAPS II and SOFA scoring systems estimated 8.6% and 13.5% mortality, respectively. Conclusion: APACHE II scoring system was much superior to SAPS II and SOFA scoring systems as a significant predictor of the mortality among the ICU patients. Keywords: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Intensive care units (ICU), Mortality. DOI : 10.7176/JMPB/53-03 Publication date :March 31 st 2019