Early Nutritional Detection for CVD Risk in Young Women

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death among other non -communicable diseases in Indonesia. Dietary pattern and lifestyle changes are the main factors of CVD risk of the women in the middle age. Methods: An observational study, cross-sectional design of 160 young women aged 20-22 years who studied in one of the Health University in Malang City, East Java. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured in one-time session. Dietary intake estimation was measured in 12 meal times in a week. All variables were categorized into quartiles based on the waist -to-height ratio (WHtR) as CVD risk indicator. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between nutritio nal status and the CVD risk. Results: Overall, energy and other macronutrients intake were lower than daily requirements (p<0.001). BMI, WC, and %body fat was significantly different across the WHtR percentiles (p<0.001), with the highest mean value found in the highest percentile (76-100th percentile). Higher BMI (OR:1.81; 95% CI 0.89-3.70; p=0.104) and WC (OR:5.88; 95% CI 3.48-9.93; p<0.001) were associated with higher risk of CVD (76-100th percentile). While %E from fat intake (OR:0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.99; p=0.03) was associated with medium risk (25-50th percentile). Conclusion: BMI, WC and %E from fat intake may be the early nutritional detection indicators for CVD risk in young women.