Effects of Dosimetrically Guided I-131 Therapy on Hematopoiesis in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of dosimetrically guided I-131 prescribed activities on hematopoiesis reflected by changes in complete blood counts (CBCs).

Design: This was a retrospective analysis.

Setting: The study was conducted at an academic center.

Patients: A total of 152 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who had 185 dosimetrically guided I-131 treatments.

Interventions: There were no interventions.

Main outcome measures: Repeated-measure ANOVA was used for the analysis of the differences in the averages of CBCs that were documented at baseline and 1, 6, 12, 24–36, and 48–60 months after I-131 treatment.

Results: All parameters decreased to their respective nadir at 1 month and then gradually returned toward baseline values. White blood cells (WBCs) and platelets (PLTs) were the most significantly affected cells. At 1 month, the decrease was 29.6% (P < .0001) for WBCs and 25% (P < .0001) for PLTs, whereas at 12 months, the decrease was 15.5% (P < .0001) and 13% (P < .0001), respectively. Lymphocytes appeared to be more susceptible to I-131 than neutrophils (ANCs). The decreases were small in absolute numbers for red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin not surpassing 10%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the ratio of administered prescribed activity-to-maximum tolerated activity was associated with the decreases in WBCs (P = .0038), ANCs (P = .0063), and red blood cells (P = .029), with borderline significance for PLTs (P = .057) and hemoglobin (P = .057).

Conclusions: Dosimetrically guided I-131 resulted in statistically significant decreases in CBC parameters, which were more prominent in WBCs and PLTs. Lymphocytes were more severely affected than ANCs, whereas all parameters reached a nadir at 1 month and then gradually returned toward baseline values over the 5-year follow-up of our study.